7.5 Flashcards
2 types of diabetes:
Type 1
Type 2
Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which people are unable to control their
Blood glucose levels
Type 1 diabetes occurs early in life.
People do not produce enough insulin this means that when they have eaten a meal, their blood glucose level can remain
Very high for a long time
Glucose is present in the urine
A person suffering from type 1 diabetes may be excessively thirsty and will need to urinate frequently. They will lose weight because body cells do not receive enough
Glucose
To compensate for the lack of received glucose, the body breaks down
Fats and proteins in body tissues such as muscles
Type 1 diabetes can be treated with:
Regular insulin injections
(Type 1) it is important that the person injects the correct amount of insulin.
Too much =
Too little/too much sugary food =
Blood glucose level can become too low (hypoglycaemic) and may fall into coma (die)
Blood glucose level may become too high (hyperglycaemic) - coma
Type 2 diabetes usually occurs in
Older people - especially if they are overweight
Type 2 diabetes - some young adults and even children are now developing the
Disease
People with the 2 diabetes usually produce:
Plenty of insulin - but the liver and muscle cells no longer respond to it
Type 2 diabetes is usually treated by
Exercise
Diet
Type 2 - person is encouraged to
Lose weight
Exercise regularly
Eat food with low glycaemic index
One test to diagnose diabetes is the
- fasting blood glucose level
- oral glucose tolerance test
(Testing for diabetes) fasting blood glucose level test - person is told not to eat of drink anything except water overnight. The blood glucose level is measure in the morning. If this is above 7mmol dm-3 the person has
Diabetes
(Testing for diabetes) oral glucose tolerance test. The person does not drink or eat anything overnight, except water. In the morning the person drinks a solution containing 75g of glucose. A blood sample is taken 2 hours later. If the blood glucose level is 11.1 mmol dm-3 or higher, the person has
Diabetes
Monitor blood glucose levels by:
Biosensor
A biosensor test strip is placed in the meter. The test strip contain an enzyme, glucose dehydrogenase. The person prices their finger with a sterile lancet inside a device.
A drop of blood is placed on the edge of the test strip.
The enzyme glucose dehydrogenase converts any glucose in the blood sample into a substance called gluconolactone.
This reaction produces a very small electric current which is picked up by an electrode on the test strip. In turn, this produces a reading for
Blood glucose concentration on the digital screen of the meter
