7.3: The management of glaciated landscapes

Question 1

Antarctica has had a unique system of international governance since the passing of the …? in 1959 for all areas south of 60°S. The ATS established Antarctica as a continent of …? and science, and set all pre-existing territorial claims of …? countries to one side. Around …? countries have now signed (including all those with bases on Antarctica), representing some 88 per cent of the world’s peoples. Since 1959 more than …? recommendations and four separate international agreements have been adopted to form the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS)

Answer 1

1. Antarctic Treaty
2. peace
3. seven
4. 60
5. 250

Question 2

…? countries currently have territory and territorial waters within the Arctic …?. These countries work together through the intergovernmental Arctic Council, which was set up by the …? Ottawa Declaration as a forum to promote co-operation among the Arctic states. Indigenous communities are consulted on key issues, such as sustainable development and environmental …?. It was strengthened in …? by the Polar Code which, in theory, enables nations to enforce …? environmental regulations in Arctic areas.

Answer 2

1. 8
2. Circle
3. 1996
4. protection
5. 2003
6. stricter