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Glaciation - Geography Paper 1 > 6.1: The distinctive landforms of glacial erosion > Flashcards

6.1: The distinctive landforms of glacial erosion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most important factor that effects the efficiency of a glaciers erosion?

A

the glacier itself - its size, which determines ice thickness and thermal regime

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2
Q

Which type of glacier erodes faster?
Warm based or cold based?

why is that?

A
  1. warm based
  • meltwater and abandant debris facilitate abrasion
  • regulation occurs (water melting under pressure and then refreezing)
  • plucking
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3
Q

Name 3 factors that influence the rate of glacial erosion

A
  • glaciers velocity across the bed
  • ice thickness - so the power of the glacier to cause shattering
  • rock debris - its quantity and shape
  • whether freeze-thaw weathering is occurring
  • the bedrock characteristics
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4
Q

erosion rates are most intense when glaciers are …? based, thick and …? moving

A
  1. warm based
  2. fast
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5
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description.

An armchair-shaped hollow on a hillside above a glacial valley

What scale is it?

A

cirque

Macro

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6
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its formation

A pre-glacial hollow is enlarged by plucking and abrasion as ice moves in a rotational manner under gravity

A

cirque

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7
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description

A narrow ridge between two cirques

What scale is it?

A

Arete

macro

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8
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its formation

As two cirques are enlarged back to back, the ridge between them becomes increasingly narrowed

A

Arete

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9
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description

A sharp, pointed hilltop

What scale is it?

A

Pyramidal Peak

macro

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10
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description

A steep-sided, flat-floored, straight valley

What scale is it?

A

Trough or U-shaped Valley

macro

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11
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description

A steep and possibly rocky section of a side crop

What scale is it?

A

Truncated Spur

macro

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12
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description

A small tributary valley high above the floor of trough often with a waterfall

What scale is it?

A

Hanging Valley

macro

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13
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description

Asymmetrical bare rock outcrop with a gently side facing up-valley

What scale is it?

A

Roche moutonnee

meso

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14
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description

Grooves on exposed rocks

What scale is it?

A

Striations

micro

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15
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its formation

As three or more cirques are enlarged the hilltop between them becomes increasingly sharp and pointed

A

Pyramidal Peak

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16
Q

Name the glacial eorsional feature from its formation

A pre-glacial river valley is widened and deepened by erosion from an advancing glacier

A

Trough or U shaped Valley

17
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its formation

The pre-glacial interlocking spurs of the river valley are eroded by the much more powerful glacier

A

Truncated Spur

18
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its formation

Tributary glaciers with small amounts of ice did not erode their valley floor as deeply as the main glacier and so are left at a higher altitude

A

Hanging Valley

19
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its formation

As ice crosses a resistant rock outcrop, the increased pressure causes melting and basal sliding and the up-valley side is smoothed by abrasion. On the leeward side pressure is reduced, refreezing occurs and plucking takes place, causing a steep, jagged slope

A

Roche moutonnee

20
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its formation

Abrasion by debris embedded in the base of the glacier as it passed over bare rock. They can indicate the direction of ice movement

A

Striations

21
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description

a long and deep, finger-shaped lake, usually found in a glacial trough

what sale is it?

A

Ribbon or finger lake

meso

22
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description

irregular chips and fractures in the rock

What scale is it?

A

Chatter marks

micro

23
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description

small rounded hills with no vegetation with small lakes

A

Knock and lochan landscape

24
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its formation

The lochs are formed by overdeepening and the knocks are more resistant bedrock.

A

Knock and lochan landscape

25
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description

A landform consisting of a rock hill and tapering ridge

A

Crag-and-tail

26
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its formation

This featured is formed when glacial ice is forced around a large and resistant rock obstacle, such as a voltaic plug, which protects the less-resistant material on the leeside causing the feature to taper into a tail in the down-glacier direction

A

Crag and tail

a famous example is that Edinburgh castle is built upon a crag and tail

27
Q

Supraglacial refers to material…

A

on the surface of a glacier

28
Q

Englacial refers to material…

A

dispersed throughout the interior of a glacier

29
Q

Subglacial refers to material…

A

Debris which has been released from ice at the base of a glacier

30
Q

Name the glacial erosional feature from its description

A rock of unspecified shape and size, transported a significant distance from its origin by a glacier or iceberg and deposited by melting of the ice

Give an example of where they are found and what they show

A

Erratic

erratic from Scandinavia have been found in boulder clay of the Northumberland, Durham and Yorkshires coasts the the Northeast of England - confirming the presence of the continental ice sheets from Scandinavia

31
Q

Name the 4 main processes by which glaciers deposit material

A
  1. Lodgement
  2. Ablation
  3. Deformation
  4. Flow
32
Q

Describe how glaciers deposit their material by lodgement

A

Lodgement occurs when the friction between the subglacial debris and the bed becomes greater than the drag of the ice moving over it.

It is commonly associated with glaciers carrying huge loads of debris and where the glacier is very slow moving, if not static

33
Q

Describe how glaciers deposit their material by ablation

A

this process refers to debris being dumped as the glacier melts and thaws.

It can include supraglacial and englacial material, as well as subglacial material.

34
Q

Describe how glaciers deposit their material by flow

A

occurs if high meltwater content causes the glacial debris to creep/slide or flow during deposition.

Glaciation - Geography Paper 1 (12 decks)

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