7.3 Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is oxidation?
the process of breaking down carbohydrates into carbon dioxide releasing energy
What are carbohydrates?
chains of hydrated carbons with the molecular formula CnH2nOn
What are the two classifications of monosaccharides?
aldo or keto
number of carbons in the chain
How are carbons in a carbohydrate numbers?
numbered beginning with carbon 1 at the most oxidized end of the carbon chain
How is D or L assigned to monosaccharides?
based on the configuration of the last chiral carbon; the furthest from the aldehyde or ketone
What are pyranoses?
six membered ring carbohydrate structures
What are furtanoses?
five membered ring carbohydrate structures
What structure of monosaccharides is thermodynamically favorable?
cyclic
What are anomeric carbons?
carbonyl carbon; in ketones it is C2 and aldehydes it is C1
What is mutarotation?
the interconversion between two anomers
What is a glycosidic linkage?
covalent bond formed between two sugar molecules through a dehydration reaction
Once a glycosidic linkage is formed, is it an acetal or hemiacetal group?
acetal (two -OR substituents)
How is a glycosidic linkage named?
according to which carbon in each sugar comprises the linkage
What is Benedict’s test?
chemical assay that detects the carbonyl unit of sugars to distinguish acetals from hemiacetals
What will give a positive Benedict’s test?
aldehydes, ketones, and hemiacetals
