7.1 Amino Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are proteins?

A

biologically important macromolecules that act as enzymes, hormones, receptors, antibodies, and support structures

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2
Q

What is the generic formula for all amino acids?

A

carboxyl group, amino group, hydrogen, and R group

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3
Q

What is the only amino acid that does not have a chiral stereocenter?

A

glycine

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4
Q

What configuration are all animal amino acids?

A

L configuration

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5
Q

What configuration are all human carbohydrates?

A

D configuration

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6
Q

What are the three classification systems of organic molecules?

A
  1. optical activity (+) or (-)
  2. actual structure/absolute configuration (R and S)
  3. D and L
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7
Q

What are the four broad categories of amino acids?

A

basic
acidic
nonpolar
polar

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8
Q

What are the acidic amino acids?

A

aspartic acid
glutamic acid

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9
Q

How many functional groups on the acidic amino acids can act as acids?

A

three (carboxyl, carboxyl, hydrogen)

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10
Q

How do the acidic amino acids occur in physiological form?

A

deprotonated

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11
Q

What are the basic amino acids?

A

lysine
arginine
histidine

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12
Q

What are the nonpolar amino acids?

A

glycine
alanine
valine
leucine
isoleucine
phenylalanine
tryptophan

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13
Q

What are the polar amino acids?

A

serine
threonine
tyrosine
asparagine
glutamine

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14
Q

What are the sulfur containing amino acids?

A

cysteine
methionine

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15
Q

What is unique about proline?

A

amino group is covalently bonded to its nonpolar side chain

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