7.2A Flashcards
What does PH stand for
Potential hydrogen
What does pH measure
Whether a substance is acidic, neutral or alkaline
What does a solution need to have in order to be acidic or alkaline
Water
What does it mean for something to be acidic
There are more positive hydrogen ions the negative ions
What does it mean for something to be alkaline
There are more negative hydroxide ions.
This is sometimes referred to as base
What is the symbol for hydrogen ions
H+
What is the symbol for hydroxide ions
OH-
In the PH measurement scale which numbers are acidic and which numbers are alkaline
Numbers below seven or acidic
Numbers above seven or alkaline
Seven is neutral
What is the difference between pH balanced an acid balanced
PH balanced means that it is balanced at a certain level but not necessarily 4.5 to 5.5
Acid balance is when the pH is balanced with in the acid range of 4.5 to 5.5
What is pure distilled waters pH
7
What makes water hard water
Hard water may contain salt such as calcium and magnesium
What makes water soft water
Soft water contains very few minerals
What are the nine types of product categories
Solution Suspension Stick Aerosol Emulsion Gel Mixture Ointment Powder
What is a mixture
When two or more compounds are blended together physically rather than chemically
What is a solution
A mixture of two or more chemicals in which each component is evenly disbursed into the mixture to form a complete and homogenous dispersion
What is a solvent
The liquid part of a solution
What is a solute
The solid or dissolved part of a solution
What are the only substances not soluble in water
Organic
What are the two types of solvents
Miscible solvents and immiscible solvents
Miscible solvents
Mix easily together
What are immiscible solvents
Solvents that don’t mix easily together
Example oil and water
What is a suspension
Even dispersion of a solid substance in a liquid base
What is gel
Product that has been formulated with a thickening agent to increase its viscosity
What is powder
Finally ground solid mixed evenly with additional ingredients
What is ointment
And anhydrous substance based on a mixture of oils and waxes, normally having the texture of a paste
What does anhydrous mean
Without water
What is a stick
A hard, low level water or anhydrous product applied to the skin by rubbing the product directly on the desired area
What is an aerosol
A product packaged under pressure and blended with a propellant inside a container which is usually a can
What is an emulsion
A mixture of two or more immiscible substances United by small droplets of a binder or a gum like substance
What is an emulsifier
Binding substances to slow down the destruction of the product
What type of molecules are used in the manufacturing of emulsions
Long molecules with a polar and and nonpolar end
What does it mean to be a polar and in a molecule
Positively or negatively charged
What is a non-polar end
Neutrally charged
What is viscosity
The thickness of the product
What are the eight types of product profiles
Cream Leave on Rinse off Wipe off Facial All skin types Dirty skin Dry skin
What does INCI stand for
International nomenclature for cosmetic ingredients
What are humectants
Organic ingredients that bind water and deposit it onto the skin
What are emollients
Oils and oil soluble substances used to condition and soften the skin by providing a protective lipid coding
What is the protective coating called that emollient provide
Occlusive barrier
What does occlusive mean
Thickening or sealing
What is the general concentration range for emollients
Between 2% and 10%
What are fatty acids
Lubricants that come from both plant and animal sources
What are three examples of fatty acids
Caprylic acid
Oleic
Stearic acid
What are fatty alcohols
Acids that have been exposed to hydrogen
What do fatty alcohols do
Increase the thickness and provide moisturizing properties
What are four examples of fatty alcohols
Cetyl alcohol
Cetearyl alcohol
Oleyl alcohol
Stearyl alcohol
