7.1 Flashcards
What is chemistry
Scientific study if matter; physical and chemical changes affecting matter and energy changes that accompany these processes
What is biochemistry
The study of chemical reactions such as growth, reproduction and respiration that occurs within a living organism
What is organic chemistry
Deals w all matter that is living or was living at one time, study of matter containing carbon which is present in all plants and animals
What is inorganic chemistry
Deals w matter that was never living and does not contain carbon
What is matter
Anything that occupies space
Solid liquid gas
What is physical change
When the characteristics of a substance change only in physical composition. Water to ice
What is chemical change
When a substance creates a new substance with different material characteristics from the original, example when hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water
What is sublimination
Solid passing into gaseous state without melting
Energy
The ability to do work to accomplish change
Elements
Basic units of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through any chemical reaction they are pure
How many naturally occurring elements are there in nature
92
Who created the periodic table
Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer
What is periodic law
Unifying concepts used to organize elements and their similarities
What are letters
Chemical symbols that are served as a scientific shorthand for each element
What does the number next to the element signify
This is known as the atomic number and it indicates the number of protons in a single particular element
What are the five important elements for aestheticians
Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur
What is an atom
The smallest complete unit of an element
True or false
Each element consists of identical atoms
True
What are the three particles that make up atoms
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What are protons
Positive electrical charge
What are neutrons
No electrical charge
What are electrons
Negative electrical charge
Which type of atom forms with another atom to form a bond
Electrons
What is most responsible for the chemical behavior a.k.a. reactivity of an atom
The number of electrons present in the outer most orbiting path or shell
Which atoms are in the inside of the nucleus
Protons and neutrons
They are packed tightly to form a dense core at the center
What atom is on the outside of a nucleus
The electrons, which move around the nucleus at the speed of light on orbiting paths called energy levels
What is a free electron
The name given to an electron in the outer most orbit that is easily moved from its orbit
What happens if another atom has a shortage of electrons
A free electron will try to move to that atom
How does an atom become considered electrically neutral
If it is not missing any electrons
Which atoms are reactive
Unstable atoms
How do unstable atoms complete their outer shell
They seek other atoms with which they can share electrons
What is the term for atoms combine with other atoms
Molecules
How do you determine a molecule
Molecules are two or more of the same items join together by one or more chemical bonds
How are compounds formed
Compounds are formed by the union of individual elements that have their own unique chemical and physical characteristics
How many chemical compounds have been identified by scientists
4 million
Where do chemical reactions occur
In the outer shell of atoms
What is oxidation
When a substance loses an electron. oxygen is required
What is reduction
When a substance gains an electron, oxygen is released
Is oxygen required or released during oxidation
Required
What are ions
Charged atoms involved in a chemical reaction
How do ions attract or repel each other
Based on their positive or negative charge
What is an ionic bond
When positive and negative ions join they are held together by an ionic bond
What is a covalent bond
If no trading is taking place and the atoms are sharing the electrons they are held together by a covalent bond
What are chemical bonds
Forces that hold Adams together in compounds
What are the 3 major biochemical compound groups
Protein
Carbohydrates
Lipids
What do proteins do
They help the body construct and renew itself
What do carbohydrates do
Store energy and play a key role in metabolism
What do lipids do
Fill the intercellular spaces in the skin
What do enzymes do
Materials that dissolve and break down large molecules into smaller ones
What are amino acids
Compounds consisting of carbon oxygen hydrogen and nitrogen that join together to form protein chains
What are the two forms of protein chains
Peptide bond
Polypeptide chain
What is the peptide bond
A bond uniting two amino acid groups
What is the polypeptide chain
Thousands of amino acids connected lengthwise to form a chain
What are two types of proteins
Monomers and polymers
What are monomers
Basic building block molecules
What do monomers do
Serve as the building blocks that connect with each other to form larger more complex compounds
What are polymers
Groups of monomers that bond together
What are carbs
Molecules containing carbon (C) hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)
What is a saccharide
A simple unit of a carbohydrate
What is monosaccharide
A single saccharide
What are disaccharides
Two saccharides linked together
What are polysaccharides
many saccharides linked together
What are lipids made up of
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Are lipids formed by the linkage of basic molecule units
No
What are 3 examples of lipids
Triglycerides
Fats
Steroids
