7.2: Sampling Flashcards
The cognitive interview is designed to improve recall in police interviews. Researchers had some confederates perform a fake assault in front of an audience of witnesses who had replied to an advert to take part in the study. Half were interviewed using the standard police interview procedure and half by the cognitive interview technique. The amount of accurate recall was compared.
What type of sample was used in the above study?
Give one limitation of this type of sampling (3 marks)
The sample was self-selected, as participants volunteered themselves for the study
The cognitive interview is designed to improve recall in police interviews. Researchers had some confederates perform a fake assault in front of an audience of witnesses who had replied to an advert to take part in the study. Half were interviewed using the standard police interview procedure and half by the cognitive interview technique. The amount of accurate recall was compared.
What type of sample was used in the above study?
Give one limitation of this type of sampling (3 marks).
The sample was self-selected, as participants volunteered themselves for the study.
One limitation of using a self-selected sample
One limitation of using a self-selected sample is that only a certain type of person may respond to the advert
The cognitive interview is designed to improve recall in police interviews. Researchers had some confederates perform a fake assault in front of an audience of witnesses who had replied to an advert to take part in the study. Half were interviewed using the standard police interview procedure and half by the cognitive interview technique. The amount of accurate recall was compared.
What type of sample was used in the above study?
Give one limitation of this type of sampling (3 marks).
The sample was self-selected, as participants volunteered themselves for the study.
One limitation of using a self-selected sample is that only a certain type of person may respond to the advert, making the results what?
One limitation of using a self-selected sample is that only a certain type of person may respond to the advert, making the results unrepresentative and thus not generalisable
A psychologist decided to conduct an experiment to investigate the effect of watching horror films before going to bed.
A volunteer sample of 50 university students consented to take part in the experiment.
The 50 students were randomly split into two groups. Group 1 watched a horror film before going to bed each night for the first week then a romantic comedy before going to bed each night for the second week. Group 2 watched the romantic comedy in the first week and the horror film in the second week.
When the students woke up each morning, each student received a text message that asked if they had had a nightmare during the night. They could respond ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
The psychologist used counterbalancing in this experiment.
Explain how the psychologist could have randomly split the sample of 50 students into the two groups (3 marks)
The psychologist could have randomly split the sample of 50 students into the two groups, as all 50 participants’ names are put into a hat or a computer
A psychologist decided to conduct an experiment to investigate the effect of watching horror films before going to bed.
A volunteer sample of 50 university students consented to take part in the experiment.
The 50 students were randomly split into two groups. Group 1 watched a horror film before going to bed each night for the first week then a romantic comedy before going to bed each night for the second week. Group 2 watched the romantic comedy in the first week and the horror film in the second week.
When the students woke up each morning, each student received a text message that asked if they had had a nightmare during the night. They could respond ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
The psychologist used counterbalancing in this experiment.
Explain how the psychologist could have randomly split the sample of 50 students into the two groups (3 marks).
The psychologist could have randomly split the sample of 50 students into the two groups, as all 50 participants’ names are put into a hat or a computer.
A name is what?
A name is drawn from the container or a random name is generated by the computer and is assigned to the first group
A psychologist decided to conduct an experiment to investigate the effect of watching horror films before going to bed.
A volunteer sample of 50 university students consented to take part in the experiment.
The 50 students were randomly split into two groups. Group 1 watched a horror film before going to bed each night for the first week then a romantic comedy before going to bed each night for the second week. Group 2 watched the romantic comedy in the first week and the horror film in the second week.
When the students woke up each morning, each student received a text message that asked if they had had a nightmare during the night. They could respond ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
The psychologist used counterbalancing in this experiment.
Explain how the psychologist could have randomly split the sample of 50 students into the two groups (3 marks).
The psychologist could have randomly split the sample of 50 students into the two groups, as all 50 participants’ names are put into a hat or a computer.
A name is drawn from the container or a random name is generated by the computer and is assigned to the first group.
A second name is selected as before, but this time does what?
A second name is selected as before, but this time goes in to the second group
A psychologist decided to conduct an experiment to investigate the effect of watching horror films before going to bed.
A volunteer sample of 50 university students consented to take part in the experiment.
The 50 students were randomly split into two groups. Group 1 watched a horror film before going to bed each night for the first week then a romantic comedy before going to bed each night for the second week. Group 2 watched the romantic comedy in the first week and the horror film in the second week.
When the students woke up each morning, each student received a text message that asked if they had had a nightmare during the night. They could respond ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
The psychologist used counterbalancing in this experiment.
Explain how the psychologist could have randomly split the sample of 50 students into the two groups (3 marks).
The psychologist could have randomly split the sample of 50 students into the two groups, as all 50 participants’ names are put into a hat or a computer.
A name is drawn from the container or a random name is generated by the computer and is assigned to the first group.
A second name is selected as before, but this time goes in to the second group.
This process continues until what?
This process continues until there are 25 in each group
A researcher was interested in the relationship between the number of hours a course was taught using a computer program and the satisfaction of the students on the course.
As part of his research he conducted a pilot study as follows. A topic from a business studies course was divided into 10 equal one-hour sessions.
Eleven students who were matched for their high level of interest in business studies took part in the study.
All 11 students completed all 10 hours of the topic. They were taught either completely online, with a combination of online teaching and classroom teaching, or just in a classroom.
Each student was allocated a letter, from A to K randomly. This determined the number of hours they studied online and the number of hours they studied in a classroom.
The sample used in this pilot study was an opportunity sample. Briefly explain how using a stratified sample when the final study is conducted might be an improvement to the design (3 marks)
Using a stratified sample when the final study is conducted might be an improvement to the design, because people who are identified by opportunity are likely to be present at same time, doing similar things, possibly of similar personality types, ect
A researcher was interested in the relationship between the number of hours a course was taught using a computer program and the satisfaction of the students on the course.
As part of his research he conducted a pilot study as follows. A topic from a business studies course was divided into 10 equal one-hour sessions.
Eleven students who were matched for their high level of interest in business studies took part in the study.
All 11 students completed all 10 hours of the topic. They were taught either completely online, with a combination of online teaching and classroom teaching, or just in a classroom.
Each student was allocated a letter, from A to K randomly. This determined the number of hours they studied online and the number of hours they studied in a classroom.
The sample used in this pilot study was an opportunity sample. Briefly explain how using a stratified sample when the final study is conducted might be an improvement to the design (3 marks).
Using a stratified sample when the final study is conducted might be an improvement to the design, because people who are identified by opportunity are likely to be present at same time, doing similar things, possibly of similar personality types, ect, which may do what?
Using a stratified sample when the final study is conducted might be an improvement to the design, because people who are identified by opportunity are likely to be present at same time, doing similar things, possibly of similar personality types, ect, which may limit representativeness of sample
