7.2: Sampling Flashcards
A team of researchers used a stress scale to measure the amount of stress that individual workers at a factory experienced and the number of days they were off sick over a 6 month period. The researchers found that as the amount of stress increased, the number of days absent also increased.
Give one strength and one limitation of a systematic sample (4 marks)
A strength of a systematic sample is that it is unbiased in selection and should thus produce a fairly representative sample
A team of researchers used a stress scale to measure the amount of stress that individual workers at a factory experienced and the number of days they were off sick over a 6 month period. The researchers found that as the amount of stress increased, the number of days absent also increased.
Give one strength and one limitation of a systematic sample (4 marks).
A strength of a systematic sample is that it is unbiased in selection and should thus produce a fairly representative sample.
A limitation of a systematic sample
A limitation of a systematic sample is that of periodic traits
A team of researchers used a stress scale to measure the amount of stress that individual workers at a factory experienced and the number of days they were off sick over a 6 month period. The researchers found that as the amount of stress increased, the number of days absent also increased.
Give one strength and one limitation of a systematic sample (4 marks).
A strength of a systematic sample is that it is unbiased in selection and should thus produce a fairly representative sample.
A limitation of a systematic sample is that of periodic traits, which occur when?
A limitation of a systematic sample is that of periodic traits, which occur if the sampling technique coincides with the frequency of the trait
A team of researchers used a stress scale to measure the amount of stress that individual workers at a factory experienced and the number of days they were off sick over a 6 month period. The researchers found that as the amount of stress increased, the number of days absent also increased.
Give one strength and one limitation of a systematic sample (4 marks).
A strength of a systematic sample is that it is unbiased in selection and should thus produce a fairly representative sample.
A limitation of a systematic sample is that of periodic traits, which occur if the sampling technique coincides with the frequency of the trait.
Example
For example, if the sampling frequency was selecting people from every 5th property in a street and every 5th property happened to be student flats, then a non-representative sample of just students would be gained
A stratified sample of participants were shown a tray containing 30 unrelated items for 30 seconds, after which time the tray was removed from sight. Half the participants were made moderately anxious, by wearing fake electrodes, which they were told would give them electric shocks for answers they got wrong. The other participants had low anxiety levels, through being told that the fake electrodes were merely monitoring bodily processes. Participants were instructed to recall as many items as possible.
Give one strength and one weakness of the sampling method used in this study (4 marks)
One strength of the stratified sampling method is that it is unbiased
A stratified sample of participants were shown a tray containing 30 unrelated items for 30 seconds, after which time the tray was removed from sight. Half the participants were made moderately anxious, by wearing fake electrodes, which they were told would give them electric shocks for answers they got wrong. The other participants had low anxiety levels, through being told that the fake electrodes were merely monitoring bodily processes. Participants were instructed to recall as many items as possible.
Give one strength and one weakness of the sampling method used in this study (4 marks).
One strength of the stratified sampling method is that it is unbiased, why?
One strength of the stratified sampling method is that it is unbiased, because random sampling is performed on the sub-groups of a population
A stratified sample of participants were shown a tray containing 30 unrelated items for 30 seconds, after which time the tray was removed from sight. Half the participants were made moderately anxious, by wearing fake electrodes, which they were told would give them electric shocks for answers they got wrong. The other participants had low anxiety levels, through being told that the fake electrodes were merely monitoring bodily processes. Participants were instructed to recall as many items as possible.
Give one strength and one weakness of the sampling method used in this study (4 marks).
One strength of the stratified sampling method is that it is unbiased, because random sampling is performed on the sub-groups of a population.
One weakness of the stratified sampling method
One weakness of the stratified sampling method is it is time-consuming
A stratified sample of participants were shown a tray containing 30 unrelated items for 30 seconds, after which time the tray was removed from sight. Half the participants were made moderately anxious, by wearing fake electrodes, which they were told would give them electric shocks for answers they got wrong. The other participants had low anxiety levels, through being told that the fake electrodes were merely monitoring bodily processes. Participants were instructed to recall as many items as possible.
Give one strength and one weakness of the sampling method used in this study (4 marks).
One strength of the stratified sampling method is that it is unbiased, because random sampling is performed on the sub-groups of a population.
One weakness of the stratified sampling method is it is time-consuming, why?
One weakness of the stratified sampling method is it is time-consuming, because a population has to be divided into strata and then random sampling performed on each strata
A psychologist wanted to see if verbal fluency is affected by whether people think they are presenting information to a small group of people or to a large group of people.
The psychologist needed a stratified sample of 20 people. She obtained the sample from a company employing 60 men and 40 women.
The participants were told that they would be placed in a booth where they would read out an article about the life of a famous author to an audience. Participants were also told that the audience would not be present, but would only be able to hear them and would not be able to interact with them.
There were two conditions in the study, Condition A and Condition B.
Condition A: 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 5 listeners.
Condition B: the other 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 100 listeners.
Each participant completed the study individually. The psychologist recorded each presentation and then counted the number of verbal errors made by each participant.
The psychologist wanted to randomly allocate the 20 people in her stratified sample to the two conditions. She needed an equal number of males in each condition and an equal number of females in each condition.
Explain how she would have done this (4 marks)
She would give each man a number 1 - 12, put 12 numbers in a hat and assign the first six numbers drawn to Condition A with the remainder for Condition B
A psychologist wanted to see if verbal fluency is affected by whether people think they are presenting information to a small group of people or to a large group of people.
The psychologist needed a stratified sample of 20 people. She obtained the sample from a company employing 60 men and 40 women.
The participants were told that they would be placed in a booth where they would read out an article about the life of a famous author to an audience. Participants were also told that the audience would not be present, but would only be able to hear them and would not be able to interact with them.
There were two conditions in the study, Condition A and Condition B.
Condition A: 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 5 listeners.
Condition B: the other 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 100 listeners.
Each participant completed the study individually. The psychologist recorded each presentation and then counted the number of verbal errors made by each participant.
The psychologist wanted to randomly allocate the 20 people in her stratified sample to the two conditions. She needed an equal number of males in each condition and an equal number of females in each condition.
Explain how she would have done this (4 marks).
She would give each man a number 1 - 12, put 12 numbers in a hat and assign the first six numbers drawn to Condition A with the remainder for Condition B.
What would she do for the women?
She would repeat the process for the women with 8 numbers in the hat and draw 4 for Condition A and the remaining 4 would go to Condition B
Outline two disadvantages of using volunteers to take part in a study (4 marks)
One disadvantage of using volunteers to take part in a study is that the sample is biased, lacking representativeness
Outline two disadvantages of using volunteers to take part in a study (4 marks).
One disadvantage of using volunteers to take part in a study is that the sample is biased, lacking representativeness.
Another disadvantage of using volunteers to take part in a study
Another disadvantage of using volunteers to take part in a study is that the sample is more confident/helpful/curious which could affect how they respond
