7.2 Cell Structure Flashcards
what are the 2 major parts of a cell?
nulceus and cytoplasm
cytoplasm:
the portion of the cell outside the nucleus
organelles are:
“little organs”- major components of cells, structures that act like specilized organs
the nucleus contains
nearly all the cell’s DNA and the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules
the nucleus is surrounded by
nuclear envelope that has nuclear pores which allow materials to move in and out of nucleus
chromosomes in the nucleus are in the form of
chromatin
what is the small dense region called in the nucleus
nucleolus, is where assembly of ribosomes begin
vacuoles are:
large sack-like membrane enclosed structures
what do vacuoles do
store materials like water, salts, proteins, carbs
what are vesicles
smaller vacuoles, store and move materials
lysosmes are:
small organelles filled with enzymes
what do lysosmes do
break down lipids, carbs, proteins, into molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell and break down organelles that have outlived their usefullness
cytoskeleton is the network of _____ that give cells_____
network of protein filaments that give cells their shape and internal organization
what are additional functions of cytoskeleton
1)help transport materials between differnet parts of the cell,
2)move the entire cell
3)helps maintain the cells shape
what 2 things is cytoskeleton made of
2 principle protein filaments: microfilaments and microtubles
centrioles:
located near the nucleus and help organize cell division
proteins are assembled on
ribosomes
ribosomes are:
small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells
endoplasmic reticulum:
internal membrane system where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and store materials that are exported from the cell
rough ER:
synthesis of proteins, has ribosomes
Proteins made on rough ER include those that will be
released or secreted from the cell as well as many membrane proteins and proteins destined for lysosomes and other specialized locations within the cell
smooth ER contains _____ and ______
contains enzymes, synthesizes membrane lipids and detoxification of drugs
Golgi apparatus:
modifies, sorts, packages proteins and other materials for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
What are chloroplasts like and what do they do?
biological equivalents of solar power plants- capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
