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Parasitology > 7.16 Schistosoma > Flashcards

7.16 Schistosoma Flashcards

1
Q

Infective stage

A

Cercaria

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2
Q

Causes urinary schistosomiasis

Established carcinogen, causing urinary bladder carcinoma

A

S. haematobium

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3
Q

Causes intestinal schistosomiasis

Endemic in 53 countries (Africa, Eastern Mediterraneean, Caribbean, South America)

A

S. mansoni

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4
Q

Causes another form of intestinal schistosomiasis

Reported in 7 countries

A

S. intercalatum

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5
Q

Oriental or Asiatic intestinal schistosomiasis

Endemic in 7 countries in the South-east Asia

A

S. japonicum

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6
Q

The eggs have no spine but have a small lateral knob that adheres to the tissues

A

S japonicum

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7
Q

Egg has a prominent lateral spine

A

S mansoni

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8
Q

Egg has a prominent terminal spine

A

S hematobium

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9
Q

Intermediate host of S japonicum

A

Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi

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10
Q

Definitive host

A

Human, carabaos, dogs, rodents, pigs

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11
Q

Reservoir hosts

A

Cows, dogs, pigs, carabaos, field rats and monkeys

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12
Q

Pathology of S. japonicum

A

Granuloma reaction leading to ascites, potal hypertension (esophageal veins, peri-umbilical veins, hemorrhoidal veins), splenomegaly, cirrhosis

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13
Q

Acute phase of S japonicum infection following cercarial penetration
Urticara and diarrhea

A

Katayama syndrome

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14
Q

Chronic phase manifests as

A

Ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, bloody stools, cerebral schistosomiasis

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15
Q

Low sensitivity in light infections

A

DFS

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16
Q

Sedimentation method used to separate parasitic elements from fecal debris through centrifugation

A

FECT

17
Q

Gold standard

Qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of eggs

A

Kato-Katz

18
Q

Based on serum precipitation with lyophilized eggs

Cannot distinguish current and past infections

A

COPT (circumoval precipitin test)

19
Q

Qualitative detection of active infection

Uses urine

A

CCA/CAA (Circulating cathodic/anodic antigen)

20
Q

Based on the use of crude soluble egg antigens or soluble adult worm proteins
Complementary method in settings with low infection rates

A

ELISA Ag test

21
Q

Use various schistosome Ags to detect antibodies

Can’t distinguish between current and past infections

A

ELISA Ab test

22
Q

Highly specific and sensitive, useful when both KK and serological tests are both negative

A

PCR

23
Q

Oldest immunologic test

Use of purified schistosome Ag to detect previous exposure

A

Intradermal tests

24
Q

Most sensitive

Useful for ruling out SCH in situations where both KK and serological tests are negative and SCH remains in doubt

A

Rectal imprint

25
Q

There is no positive stool examinations in the last five years

A

Near elimination

26
Q

Goals

A

<1% prevalence

75-100% chemotherapy coverage

27
Q

Peak of prevalence

A

55-59

28
Q

Intensity of infection

A

5-14 years

29
Q

Causes increased muscular activity followed by contraction, leading to spastic paralysis of worms and their detachment form vessel walls
Can cause tegumental damage

A

PZQ

30
Q

TOC for cerebral schistosomiasis

A

PZQ

31
Q

Adverse effect of this drug include abdominal discomfort, particularly pain and nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness and drowsiness

A

PZQ

32
Q

Targeted distribution of PZQ once a year in January

A

> 5 y - 60/65 years old

33
Q

Goal to have ___ of households in endemic areas with sanitary facilities

A

72%

34
Q

S. japonicum is possibly carcinogenic in humans, causing _____

A

Colorectal carcinoma

35
Q

High risk groups for Schisto

A

School children and young adolescents

Farmers and soldiers

36
Q

WHO recommends that the first objective should be for _____, to reduce consequences of these infections to a level that no longer constitutes a public health burden

A

Morbidity control

Parasitology (5 decks)

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