7.11.23 - Memory: Types of LTM Flashcards
Who proposed the three LTM stores?
Tulving
What are the three LTM stores?
EPISODIC, SEMANTIC and PROCEDURAL
What is episodic memory?
LTM store for PERSONAL events
Give an example of an episodic memory
Your most RECENT visit to the dentist
Are episodic memories ‘time stamped’?
Yes
What does ‘time stamped’ mean?
You know WHEN they happened and WHAT happened
Are episodic memories implicit or explicit?
Explicit
What does explicit mean?
- Includes DETAILS of event
- CONTEXT of event and EMOTIONS associated with it
Are episodic memories declarative or non-declarative?
Declarative
What does declarative mean?
Make CONSCIOUS effort to RECALL memory
What is semantic memory?
LTM store for FACTS and KNOWLEDGE of world
Give an example of a **semantic memory **
What an orange TASTES like
Are semantic memories ‘time stamped?’
No
Are semantic memories implicit or explicit?
Explicit
Are semantic memories declarative or non-declarative?
Declarative
What is procedural memory?
LTM store for LEARNED skills and actions
Give an example of a procedural memory
Knowing how to DRIVE a car
Are procedural memories ‘time stamped?’
No
Are procedural memories implicit or explicit?
Implicit
Are procedural memories declarative or non-declarative?
- Non-declarative
- Done automatically without thinking
What is a strength of the three types of LTM?
Allows psychologists to HELP people with MEMORY problems
Allows psychologists to help people with memory problems
- As people AGE, they experience MEMORY LOSS
- Linked specifically to EPISODIC memory
- Belleville et al
- Created INTERVENTION aiming to IMPROVE episodic memories in OLDER people
- TRAINED participants performed BETTER than CONTROL group
- DISTINGUISHING between LTM stores allows SPECIFIC treatments to be developed
What is a limitation of the three types of LTM?
CONFLICTING research findings LINKING types of LTM to areas of brain
Conflicting research findings linking the three different types of LTM to areas of the brain
** Buckner and Petersen**
* REVIEWED evidence involving LOCATION of SEMANTIC and EPISODIC memory
* Concluded SEMANTIC memory in LEFT side of PFC and EPISODIC on RIGHT
* Other research suggests OPPOSITE
* Challenges NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL evidence SUPPORTING types of memory
* POOR agreement on location of them
