7.1 What are the Contemporary Patterns of Global Migration? Flashcards
What was the number of international migrants in 2020?
In 2020, 281 million people, or 3.6 percent of the world’s population, were living outside their country of origin.
How is migration linked to globalization?
Migration is inextricably linked to globalization processes, making it a priority issue for almost all nations.
What are the main reasons for international migration?
The majority of migrants are economic migrants seeking work and social opportunities.
What percentage of working-age migrants are economic migrants according to the ILO?
According to the ILO, 72.7 percent of the 206.6 million working-age migrants globally are economic migrants.
What are the definitions of long-term and short-term migrants?
A long-term migrant is someone who moves for at least a year, while a short-term migrant moves for at least three months but less than a year.
What does net migration refer to?
Net migration refers to the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants for a particular country.
What was the estimated net migration gain for the UK in 2018?
In 2018, the UK had an estimated net migration gain of 283,000.
What were the main reasons for UK residents living abroad in 2020?
The main reasons included employment opportunities, retirement, and family reunification.
Which region in the UK has the largest number of immigrants?
London has the largest number of immigrants of all regions in the UK, accounting for 36.2 percent.
What is the Lee migration model?
The Lee migration model acknowledges push factors, pull factors, and intervening obstacles that influence migration decisions.
What is the significance of migrant remittances?
Migrant remittances are private funds sent by migrants to non-migrant family members and are significant for the development process.
How do remittances impact developing countries?
Remittances represent a higher proportion of GDP in LIDCs and EDCs, making them more significant for their economies.
What are the potential benefits of migration for development?
Migration can contribute to stability, economic growth, and socio-economic change.
What are some negative impacts of migration?
Negative impacts include the loss of human resources in countries of origin and potential tensions in host countries.
What challenges do migrants face in host countries?
Migrants may face social conflict, pressure on services, and human rights violations.
What is the relationship between migration and socio-economic development?
Migration can contribute significantly to development, but inequalities in development can also drive migration.
What are the main routes for migrants from Africa and the Middle East to Europe?
Key routes include the Central Mediterranean route from Libya to Italy and crossings from Turkey to Greece.
What was the total number of irregular border crossings on the Central Mediterranean route in 2018?
In 2018, the total number of irregular border crossings on the Central Mediterranean route plunged to 23,485.
What are push and pull factors in migration?
Push factors are negative aspects of the current location, while pull factors are perceived advantages of the destination.
How does technology influence migration?
Technology facilitates monetary transfers and the geographical diffusion of ideas, information, and values.
What are some economic benefits of migration for host countries?
Migrants can boost GDP, fill skill gaps, and stimulate local economies.
What are the social consequences of migration?
Social consequences include potential conflicts between host communities and newcomers.
What injustices do migrants face?
Migrants may experience human rights violations, exploitation, and inadequate support during asylum processes.
What are some treatments of asylum seekers?
Asylum seekers may be held in detention centres, not allowed to work, and supported on meagre financial resources for food, sanitation, and clothing during their application.
What are the basic needs of refugees?
Refugees face challenges regarding shelter, food, water, medicines, and safety, including the possibility of returning to a country of origin where risks are high.
What types of problems can international migration create?
International migration can create economic, social, cultural, or political problems, impacting both countries of origin and destination.
What are examples of conflict and injustice in migration?
Examples include reported human rights violations in detention camps for Myanmar refugees on the Thai-Malaysian border, the new fence and high-tech surveillance at the Bulgaria-Turkey border, and the refugee camp at Calais, including ‘the Jungle’ camp with over 3000 migrants in February 2016, mostly unaccompanied young males.
What is the pattern of migrant flows globally?
Migrant flows are spatially uneven, with South-North and South-South migrations being dominant.
How do talent-based immigration policies affect migration?
Countries like Canada and the USA encourage flows of highly skilled migrants from LDCs and EDCs, leading to a contra-flow of social and financial remittances.
What limitations do some countries face regarding technology?
Access to technology is limited in many low- and middle-income countries, reflecting low levels of socio-development and infrastructure for ICT.
What factors affect the work of civilian relief organizations?
Government or military control of information and limited broadband speed can hinder the effectiveness of civilian relief organizations.
How do inequalities in technology impact migration management?
Inequalities in technology restrict the effective management of conflicts and injustices linked to migration.
