7.1 Structure of transport tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

Plants need transport systems to meet their ___ ___
eg: ___

A

metabolic demands
eg: glucose, hormones, mineral ions

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2
Q

Plants consist many layers of cells so cannot rely on ___ for this would be ___

A

diffusion , slow

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3
Q

Plants have a ___ ___ which involves a network of vessels running through ___, ___, and ___.

A

vascular system, leaves, stem, roots

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4
Q

Vascular system (2) How are they arranged?

A

Xylem , Phloem
are arranged together in vascular bundles

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5
Q

Leaf structure (8)

A

Vascular bundles, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll , lower epidermis , phloem , xylem , spongy mesophyll

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6
Q

Stem Structure (7)

A

Vascular bundle, epidermis, cortex, phloem, xylem, cambium, pith

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7
Q

Root Structure (6)

A

epidermis, phloem, xylem, cortex, endodermis

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8
Q

Xylem and Phloem locations in the leaf

A

Xylem: upper
Phloem: lower

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9
Q

Xylem and Phloem location in the stem

A

Xylem: inner
Phloem: outer

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10
Q

Xylem and Phloem location in the root

A

Xylem: cross
Phloem: the rest

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11
Q

Xylem function (3)

A
  1. vascular tissue that carries dissolved minerals and water up the plant
  2. Structural support
  3. Food storage
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12
Q

Location of the vascular bundle and why? –Xylem roots (3)

A

center core, helps the roots withstand the pulling strains as the plant transports water upwards and grows

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12
Q

Location of the vascular bundle and why? –Xylem stem (3)

A

vascular bundle are located outside, the xylem tissue is found on the inside – closest to the center of the stem to help support the plant

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13
Q

Location of the vascular bundle? –Xylem leaf (3)

A

Form the midrib and veins – spread from the center of the leaf, Xylem is found on the upper side (closest to the upper epidermis)

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14
Q

Function of the phloem (2)

A
  1. Transport organic compounds
    eg: sucrose
    from the source to the sink –> these can occur up and down
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15
Q

Phloem structure

A

Complex tissue – bulk made up of sieve tube elements (main conducting cells) – companion cells

16
Q

Location of the vascular bundle? –Phloem roots (2)

A

center core, on the edges of the center core

17
Q

Location of the vascular bundle ? – Phloem stems (2)

A

Located outside and phloem is found on the outside

18
Q

Location of the vascular bundle? – Phloem leaves (3)

A

form the midrib and veins – spread from the center phloem tissue found on the lower side of the bundles

19
Q

Function of Lignified cell walls (xylem)

A

adds strength to withstand hydrostatic pressure so vessels do not collapse

20
Q

No end plates function (xylem)

A

allows the mass flow of water and dissolved solutes as cohesive and adhesive forces are not delayed

21
Q

Cohesive(xylem)

A

between water molecules

22
Q

adhesive(xylem)

A

between water molecules and xylem wall

23
Q

No protoplasm – cells are dead when mature function (xylem)

A

does not delay the mass flow of water and dissolved solutes

24
Q

Pits in walls (in non-lignified section) function (xylem)

A

lateral movement of water allows for continuous flow in case of air bubbles forming in the vessel

25
Q

The small diameter of vessels function (xylem)

A

helps prevent the water column from breaking

26
Q

Structure in xylem vessel (5)

A
  1. Lignified cell walls
  2. no end plates
  3. no protoplasm (cells are dead when they mature)
  4. pits in walls (in non-lignified sections)
  5. Small diameter of vessels
27
Q

Phloem sieve tube elements structures (4)

A
  1. sieve plates with sieve pores
  2. cellulose cell wall
  3. no nucleus, ribosomes, or vacuole
  4. thin cytoplasm
28
Q

Phloem structure: sieve plates with sieve pores – function

A

allows for continuous movement of organic substances

29
Q

Phloem Structure: cellulose cell wall – function

A

strengthens the wall to withstand the hydrostatic pressures that move assimilates

30
Q

Phloem Structure: no nucleus, ribosomes or vacuole in mature cells – function

A

maximizes space for movement of assimilates

31
Q

Phloem structure: thin cytoplasm – function

A

reduces friction to facilitate movement of assimilates

32
Q

Companion cells Phloem companion cell structure (4)

A
  1. nucleus and other organelles present
  2. transport proteins in plasma membranes
  3. age numbers of mitochondria
  4. plasmodesmata (channels in cell wall)
33
Q

Xylem and Phloem’s key differences:
1. Living cells
2. Substances transported
3. process of transportation
4. diction of flow
5. presence of end walls
6. cell wall material

A
  1. X: no P: yes (companion cells)
  2. X: water and mineral ions P: organic compounds / assimilates
  3. X: transpiration P: Active translocation
  4. X: One way / upwards (roots –> leaves) P: two ways — up or down
  5. X: no P: yes (sieve plates)
  6. X: Lignin and cellulose P: cellulose