7.1 Structure of transport tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Plants need transport systems to meet their ___ ___
eg: ___

A

metabolic demands
eg: glucose, hormones, mineral ions

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2
Q

Plants consist many layers of cells so cannot rely on ___ for this would be ___

A

diffusion , slow

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3
Q

Plants have a ___ ___ which involves a network of vessels running through ___, ___, and ___.

A

vascular system, leaves, stem, roots

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4
Q

Vascular system (2) How are they arranged?

A

Xylem , Phloem
are arranged together in vascular bundles

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5
Q

Leaf structure (8)

A

Vascular bundles, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll , lower epidermis , phloem , xylem , spongy mesophyll

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6
Q

Stem Structure (7)

A

Vascular bundle, epidermis, cortex, phloem, xylem, cambium, pith

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7
Q

Root Structure (6)

A

epidermis, phloem, xylem, cortex, endodermis

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8
Q

Xylem and Phloem locations in the leaf

A

Xylem: upper
Phloem: lower

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9
Q

Xylem and Phloem location in the stem

A

Xylem: inner
Phloem: outer

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10
Q

Xylem and Phloem location in the root

A

Xylem: cross
Phloem: the rest

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11
Q

Xylem function (3)

A
  1. vascular tissue that carries dissolved minerals and water up the plant
  2. Structural support
  3. Food storage
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12
Q

Location of the vascular bundle and why? –Xylem roots (3)

A

center core, helps the roots withstand the pulling strains as the plant transports water upwards and grows

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12
Q

Location of the vascular bundle and why? –Xylem stem (3)

A

vascular bundle are located outside, the xylem tissue is found on the inside – closest to the center of the stem to help support the plant

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13
Q

Location of the vascular bundle? –Xylem leaf (3)

A

Form the midrib and veins – spread from the center of the leaf, Xylem is found on the upper side (closest to the upper epidermis)

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14
Q

Function of the phloem (2)

A
  1. Transport organic compounds
    eg: sucrose
    from the source to the sink –> these can occur up and down
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15
Q

Phloem structure

A

Complex tissue – bulk made up of sieve tube elements (main conducting cells) – companion cells

16
Q

Location of the vascular bundle? –Phloem roots (2)

A

center core, on the edges of the center core

17
Q

Location of the vascular bundle ? – Phloem stems (2)

A

Located outside and phloem is found on the outside

18
Q

Location of the vascular bundle? – Phloem leaves (3)

A

form the midrib and veins – spread from the center phloem tissue found on the lower side of the bundles

19
Q

Function of Lignified cell walls (xylem)

A

adds strength to withstand hydrostatic pressure so vessels do not collapse

20
Q

No end plates function (xylem)

A

allows the mass flow of water and dissolved solutes as cohesive and adhesive forces are not delayed

21
Q

Cohesive(xylem)

A

between water molecules

22
Q

adhesive(xylem)

A

between water molecules and xylem wall

23
Q

No protoplasm – cells are dead when mature function (xylem)

A

does not delay the mass flow of water and dissolved solutes

24
Pits in walls (in non-lignified section) function (xylem)
lateral movement of water allows for continuous flow in case of air bubbles forming in the vessel
25
The small diameter of vessels function (xylem)
helps prevent the water column from breaking
26
Structure in xylem vessel (5)
1. Lignified cell walls 2. no end plates 3. no protoplasm (cells are dead when they mature) 4. pits in walls (in non-lignified sections) 5. Small diameter of vessels
27
Phloem sieve tube elements structures (4)
1. sieve plates with sieve pores 2. cellulose cell wall 3. no nucleus, ribosomes, or vacuole 4. thin cytoplasm
28
Phloem structure: sieve plates with sieve pores -- function
allows for continuous movement of organic substances
29
Phloem Structure: cellulose cell wall -- function
strengthens the wall to withstand the hydrostatic pressures that move assimilates
30
Phloem Structure: no nucleus, ribosomes or vacuole in mature cells -- function
maximizes space for movement of assimilates
31
Phloem structure: thin cytoplasm -- function
reduces friction to facilitate movement of assimilates
32
Companion cells Phloem companion cell structure (4)
1. nucleus and other organelles present 2. transport proteins in plasma membranes 3. age numbers of mitochondria 4. plasmodesmata (channels in cell wall)
33
Xylem and Phloem's key differences: 1. Living cells 2. Substances transported 3. process of transportation 4. diction of flow 5. presence of end walls 6. cell wall material
1. X: no P: yes (companion cells) 2. X: water and mineral ions P: organic compounds / assimilates 3. X: transpiration P: Active translocation 4. X: One way / upwards (roots --> leaves) P: two ways --- up or down 5. X: no P: yes (sieve plates) 6. X: Lignin and cellulose P: cellulose