7.1 Programming Fundamentals

Question 1

What is a data type

Answer 1

Values than be used in a data item

Question 2

Give some data types

Answer 2

Integer, float/real, character, string, Boolean

Question 3

Integer

Answer 3

Whole numebers

Question 4

Typical amount of memory for integer

Answer 4

2 bytes

Question 5

Float/real

Answer 5

Number with a fraction part (1.3, 20.0)

Question 6

Typical amount of memory for float/real

Answer 6

4 bytes

Question 7

Char

Answer 7

A single ASCII char such as A, b, !, 3 and Space

Question 8

Typical amount of memory for a char

Answer 8

1 byte

Question 9

String

Answer 9

0 or more chars

Question 10

Typical amount of memory for string

Answer 10

1 byte per char in string

Question 11

Boolean

Answer 11

True or False

Question 12

Typical amount of memory for a boolean

Answer 12

Theoretically 1 bit, but in high level languages often 1 byte

Question 13

Difference between variables and constants

Answer 13

Variables can be changed while running and constants can only be changed before the program is run.

Question 14

Input Statement

Answer 14

A way to gather inputted information from the user via the CLI (Command Line Interface)

Question 15

Give some arithmetic operators

Answer 15

+, -, *, /, DIV, MOD

Question 16

DIV

Answer 16

Used for integer division (quotient)

Question 17

MOD

Answer 17

Modulus is used to find the remainder when dividing one integer by another

Question 18

What rules do arithmetic operations follow?

Answer 18

BIDMAS (Brackets, indices, division, multiplication, addition, subtraction)

Question 19

What is the difference between the way the integer 17 is stored and the string “17” is stored?

Answer 19

17 is stored as binary 17, whereas the string “17” is stored as the string of “1” and then the string of “7”

Question 20

Casting

Answer 20

Functions to change the datatype of one variable to another

Question 21

Examples of casting functions

Answer 21

• int()
• float()
• str()
• bool()
• ASC()
• CHR()
• b()

Question 22

What is string concatenation?

Answer 22

The operation of joining and manipulating the data held in strings

Question 23

What will “6” +”3” add to?

Answer 23

63 (because they are strings which means they are concatenated together)

Question 24

Give some string handling functions (written in python)

Answer 24

len(string)
string[x:]
string[:x]
string.upper()
string.lower()

Question 25

Why should you use comments?

Answer 25

• To describe the purpose of the program
• To state the author of the program
• To explain what the code does
  (Comments are ignored when your program is translated to machine code and executed)