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지시엣이 Computer Science > 3.1 The Internet > Flashcards

3.1 The Internet Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the internet?

A

The internet is a collection of inter-connected networks

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2
Q

What is the world wide web?

A
  • One service that makes use of the internet. It is accessed from a browser and HTTP to send or receive data
  • It is accessed from a web browser such as Chrome, Safari, Edge or Firefox
  • It makes use of HTTP to send and receive data
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3
Q

What is a wide area network?

A
  • Using recourses supplied from a ‘third party carrier’ and have a number of geographical locations
  • A WAN uses cables, telephone lines, satellites or radio waves to connect two or more remote locations
  • The internet is the largest WAN in the world
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4
Q

Give some examples of organisations which could have WANS

A
  • Universities
  • Schools
  • Large companies
  • Governments
  • Research organisations
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5
Q

What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?

A

Devices such as mobiles, parking metres etc. In 2020, over 31 billion IoT items connected to the interenet

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6
Q

What is an IPv4 address?

A

An internet protocol which is represented by 4 8-bit numbers (0-255) separated by dots, for example 72.129.214.16

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7
Q

What is an IPv6 address?

A

128-bit numbers represented in hex

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8
Q

What is circuit switching?

A

A dedicated connection between 2 clients

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9
Q

How does packet switching solve circuit switching in a large network?

A

It uses multiple connections and routers to send it to the right destination

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10
Q

What is packet switching?

A

Each file is broken up into data ‘packets’ of 512 bytes, and each file is given headers

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11
Q

What “meta data” is in each packet?

A
  • The IP address it is going to
  • The IP address it has come from
  • The sequence number of the packet
  • The number of packets in the whole communication
  • Error checking data
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12
Q

Why may packets go and take different routes?

A

A router may decide which path is better, faster and safer to go through

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13
Q

How do packets come back in the same order and still have the same data?

A
  • The client re-orders the packets into the correct order

- Corrupt packets are requested to be resent etc.

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14
Q

Nodes

A

Points on a network digram

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15
Q

What do routers do?

A

Routers are nodes that can routes packets from one place to another

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16
Q

What is a Domain Name System (DNS)?

A

A domain name is a name used to refer to an IP address. A DNS server translates a web address (URL) into an IP address.

17
Q

What are DNS root servers?

A

13 database servers which contain a complete database of all domain names and IP addresses.

18
Q

What happens if a DNS server receives a request and data is not in its database?

A

It will pass the request on to another server until it reaches one with the matching name and IP address. ISP’s are owned by lower level DNS servers

19
Q

Why might your IP address change?

A

The IP address is the one that belongs to your router that you are connected to.

20
Q

What is dynamic IP address?

A

When a router retries to connect to the internet, it may receive a new IP address

21
Q

What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

A

A card that connects to a modem (router)

22
Q

What is MAC (Media Access Control) addressing?

A

A unique MAC address assigned to a device (2 ^ 48 possible mac adresses)

23
Q

What is the role of a MAC address?

A

A router uses a MAC address of the next router to send the data packet on the next leg of it’s journey

24
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network

25
Q

Packet

A

One unit of data sent through an IP address

26
Q

Routing

A

Directing IP packets to their destinations

27
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name System

28
Q

IP address

A

Internet Protocol Address. Where packets of data are sent to or received from

29
Q

MAC address

A

Media Access Control address. The unique identifier of each device

지시엣이 Computer Science (37 decks)

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