7.1. Metabolic Bone Disease - Bone Physiology and Rickets

Question 1

What causes the Bone Resorption, in the Bone Re-modelling Cycle?

Answer 1

Osteoclasts

Question 2

What forms Osteoclasts?

Answer 2

1. Myeloid Progenitor Cells
2. Pre-Osteoclast
3. Osteoclast

Question 3

What causes the Bone Formation, in the Bone Re-modelling Cycle?

Answer 3

Osteoblasts

Question 4

What forms Osteoblasts?

Answer 4

1. Mesenchymal Progenerator Cells
2. Pre-Osteoblast
3. Osteoblast

Question 5

What causes in increase in Osteoblast action?

Answer 5

1. Vitamin D
2. Glucocorticoids
3. TNF-Alpha
4. IL-1, IL-11
5. PTH, PTHrP
6. PGE2

Question 6

What organs can cause Vitamin D related disorders?

Answer 6

1. Skin
2. Liver
3. Kidney

Question 7

What does Vitamin D influence the regulation of?

Answer 7

Vitamin D stimulates Absorption of Calcium and Phosphate from the gut

Question 8

What happens to the Calcium and Phosphate in the Blood?

Answer 8

It is available for Bone Mineralisation

Question 9

What does severe nutritional Vitamin D or Calcium deficiency cause?

Answer 9

Insufficient Mineralisation and thus:

1. a) Rickets in a growing child
2. b) Osteomalacia in the adult
3. Muscle Function Impairment

Question 10

What are the symptoms of Rickets, in a growing Child?

Answer 10

1. Stunted Growth with an odd curve in the Spine
2. Large Forehead
3. Odd-shaped ribs + Wide Abdomen
4. Wide Joints at the Elbow, Wrist and Ankle
5. Odd Shaped Legs
6. Wide Bones