7.1 Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The heart, blood vessels, and blood comprise which body system?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular system

Question 2

The heart is composed primarily of what type of muscle?

Answer 2

Cardiac muscle

Question 3

The right atrium receives blood from which veins?

Answer 3

Superior/inferior venae cavae

Question 4

The left atrium receives blood from which veins?

Answer 4

Pulmonary veins

Question 5

The atria are separated from the ventricles by the _____ valves.

Answer 5

Atrioventricular

Question 6

The right AV valve is known as the _____ valve.

Answer 6

Tricuspid valve (3 leaflets)

Question 7

The left AV valve is known as the _____ valve.

Answer 7

Mitral/biscuspid valve (2 leaflets)

Question 8

The valve that separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary circulation is called the _____ valve.

Answer 8

Pulmonary valve

Question 9

The _____ valve separates the left ventricle form the systemic circulation.

Answer 9

Aortic valve

Question 10

Which side of the heart is more muscular? Why?

Answer 10

The left side is more muscular because the blood leaving it must travel a considerable distance: blood pressure must be maintained as far away as the feet.

Question 11

Impulse initiation occurs at which heart node?

Answer 11

The sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 12

List the pathway that electrical impulses travel through the heart.

Answer 12

1. SA node
2. AV node
3. Bundle of His
4. Purkinje fibers

Question 13

Heart muscle cells are connected by _____ _____, which contain many gap junctions directly

Answer 13

Intercalated discs

Question 14

Sympathetic signals to the heart are provided by which nerve?

Answer 14

The vagus nerve

Question 15

During systole, what occurs in the ventricles? The AV valves?

Answer 15

The ventricles contract and the AV valves close.

Question 16

During diastole, what occurs in the ventricles? The semilunar valves?

Answer 16

The ventricles fill with blood and the semilunar valves are closed.

Question 17

Define cardiac output. What is the equation used to calculate cardiac output?

Answer 17

The total blood volume pumped by a ventricle in a minute. CO = Heart rate x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped per beat)

Question 18

Name the three major types of blood vessels.

Answer 18

1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries

Question 19

Small arteries are called _____.

Answer 19

Arterioles

Question 20

Small veins are called _____.

Answer 20

Venules

Question 21

All blood vessels are lined with what type of cells?

Answer 21

Endothelial cells

Question 22

Larger veins have this special feature, which prevents blood from moving backward due to gravity.

Answer 22

Valves

Question 23

A clot in the deep veins of the leg is called what?

Answer 23

DVT (deep vein thrombosis)

Question 24

Name the 3 portal systems in the body, in which blood will pass through two capillary beds in series before returning to the heart.

Answer 24

1. Hepatic portal system
2. Hypophyseal portal system
3. Renal portal system