7.1 Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System Flashcards
The heart, blood vessels, and blood comprise which body system?
Cardiovascular system
The heart is composed primarily of what type of muscle?
Cardiac muscle
The right atrium receives blood from which veins?
Superior/inferior venae cavae
The left atrium receives blood from which veins?
Pulmonary veins
The atria are separated from the ventricles by the _____ valves.
Atrioventricular
The right AV valve is known as the _____ valve.
Tricuspid valve (3 leaflets)
The left AV valve is known as the _____ valve.
Mitral/biscuspid valve (2 leaflets)
The valve that separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary circulation is called the _____ valve.
Pulmonary valve
The _____ valve separates the left ventricle form the systemic circulation.
Aortic valve
Which side of the heart is more muscular? Why?
The left side is more muscular because the blood leaving it must travel a considerable distance: blood pressure must be maintained as far away as the feet.
Impulse initiation occurs at which heart node?
The sinoatrial (SA) node
List the pathway that electrical impulses travel through the heart.
- SA node
- AV node
- Bundle of His
- Purkinje fibers
Heart muscle cells are connected by _____ _____, which contain many gap junctions directly
Intercalated discs
Sympathetic signals to the heart are provided by which nerve?
The vagus nerve
During systole, what occurs in the ventricles? The AV valves?
The ventricles contract and the AV valves close.
During diastole, what occurs in the ventricles? The semilunar valves?
The ventricles fill with blood and the semilunar valves are closed.
Define cardiac output. What is the equation used to calculate cardiac output?
The total blood volume pumped by a ventricle in a minute. CO = Heart rate x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped per beat)
Name the three major types of blood vessels.
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
Small arteries are called _____.
Arterioles
Small veins are called _____.
Venules
All blood vessels are lined with what type of cells?
Endothelial cells
Larger veins have this special feature, which prevents blood from moving backward due to gravity.
Valves
A clot in the deep veins of the leg is called what?
DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
Name the 3 portal systems in the body, in which blood will pass through two capillary beds in series before returning to the heart.
- Hepatic portal system
- Hypophyseal portal system
- Renal portal system
