7.1-7.13 Flashcards
Examples of hazardous operation include, but are not limited to:
- Interfere with me and aircraft operations
- Operating an SUAS over people not directly participating in the operation
- Loading the SUS beyond its capabilities to the point of losing control
- Failure to consider weather conditions. Your structures trees are rolling, terrain, when in a densely populated area.
- Flying near emergency responders during a crisis
The FAA recommends flying at least ________________ horizontally, from skeletal structures, like radio and television antenna towers, to be clear of guy wires
2000 feet horizontally
Good judgment on the part of the pilot dictates that aircraft should remain well clear of all_________________ , and flight below them should be avoided at all times
Unmanned free balloons
High temperature exhaust plumes can cause significant air disturbances such as __________________ and __________________.
Turbulence and wind shear. Avoid exhaust flames as much as possible that come from smokestacks and cooling towers.
As ______________, you are ultimately responsible for breathing, the participants, your clients, your crewmembers, other ground, base, crew, etc. about emergency procedures.
Remote PIC
Part of preparing for an emergency is conducting a _________________ to understand the environment that you’ll be operating in
Site survey
A good site survey may include:
- local hazards, such as towers, powerlines trees, and other structures
- Check for radio interference that may compromise communication signals between remote controller and aircraft
- magnetic interference
- Traffic patterns that may be endangered by your operation
- non-participatory bystanders that may not be aware of what you’re doing
-Wind obstruction
Examples of situations that might trigger an emergency maneuver are:
Loss of orientation
Loss of GPS signal
Compass error
Loss of direct line-of-sight
Loss of video feed
Fly-away
Erratic movement
Structures in line of flight
Birds
One of the big things to know here is that you should always be prepared to switch to your aircraft’s _____________ mode during an emergency. That’s just a general best practice and, frankly, something that not enough pilots in this industry are comfortable doing.
Manual
Another general best practice in an emergency is that, after you’ve regained control, you should _______________________. Let the adrenaline wear off, analyze the situation, and then only if it’s appropriate to do so, get back in the air.
land safely as soon as possible and turn off your aircraft
Circular patterns of rotating air left behind the wing of a large aircraft as it generates lift. The __________________ are greatest when the aircraft is heavy, slow and developing full power, such as takeoff. In this case, the _______________ tend to sink below the aircraft generating turbulence.
Wingtip vortices
You’re flying an unmanned aircraft, and a helicopter enters your airspace. What should you do?
Yield the right of away to the helicopter
When using a small UA in a commercial operation, who is responsible for briefing the participants about emergency procedures?
The remote PIC
In any sUAS flight emergency, rule #1 is to:
Maintain control of aircraft
Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to
Sink below the aircraft generating turbulence
The ____________________ frequencies are the unlicensed radio frequency bands that most UAS use for the connection between the control station and the unmanned aircraft.
2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz
Both RF bands (2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz) are considered ________________, and the command and control link between the CS and the small UA will not work properly when barriers are between the CS and the UA.
line-of-sight
To avoid frequency interference, many modern sUAS operate using a _____ GHz system to control the small UA and a _______ GHz system to transmit video and photos to the ground.
2.4
5.8
Use a safety bag or fire-proof container like a metal ammo box for charging, discharging, and storage for __________________.
LiPo batteries
They can cause fires. Just because your battery comes in a protective case doesn’t mean it’s safe. Your battery charging/discharging and storage area should be free from any materials that can catch fire, such as wood tables, carpet, or gasoline containers. The ideal surface for charging and storing LiPo batteries is concrete or ceramic.
Speaking of travel, do/do not travel with a LiPo battery in your checked baggage.
do NOT travel with a LiPo battery in your checked baggage. Use a carry-on.
If your battery is __________________, it’s done-zo. Make sure to follow proper disposal procedures and find a new battery ASAP.
damaged or puffy / swollen
LiPo batteries do not work well in _______ weather.
Cold
Your unmanned aircraft has been in an accident during a commercial flight, and during the accident your lithium battery was ejected from its compartment. You notice a small dent in the battery. What should you do before flying next?
Assess the extent of the damage. You might need a new battery.
Properly maintaining your LiPo batteries can increase their useful life by 3 to 4 times, saving you a lot of money throughout the course of your career as a remote PIC. Proper maintenance includes:
Avoid subjecting the battery to moderate to really cold temperatures
When a series of judgmental errors leads to a human factors-related accident, this is sometimes referred to as the _________________, and it’s our goal to ensure we’re doing everything we can to prevent this from happening.
error chain
_______________________________ is a systematic mental approach to consistently determine the best course of action in a given situation.
Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM)
ADM involves doing things like:
Conducting an attitude assessment before flight to identify situations where a hazardous attitude might be present.
Learning how to recognize and cope with stress.
Using visual observers (VO)
Completing a thorough preflight inspection, planning for weather, familiarity with the airspace, proper aircraft loading, and performance planning to mitigate identified risks.
To prevent the final “link” in the accident chain, a remote pilot must consider _____________________. Once appropriate risk controls are developed and implemented, then the operation can begin.
Risk Management
A local TV station has hired a remote pilot to operate their small UA to cover breaking news stories. The remote pilot has had multiple near misses with obstacles on the ground and two small UAS accidents. What would be a solution for the news station to improve their operating safety culture?
The news station should recognize hazardous attitudes and situations and develop standard operating procedures that emphasize safety.
The __________ is a trained crew member, in visual line-of-sight of the UAS, who assists the pilot in the duties associated with collision avoidance and complying with the applicable rules of flight.
Visual observer
Pilots who become apprehensive for their safety for any reason should
Request assistance immediately
What is the one common factor which affects most preventable accidents?
Human error
Your unmanned aircraft has been in an accident during a commercial flight, and during the accident your lithium battery was ejected from its compartment. You notice a small dent in the battery. What should you do before flying next?
Assess the extent of the damage.
Use a safety bag or fire-proof container like a metal ammo box for charging, discharging, and storage. Yes, _____________ can cause fires
LiPo batteries
Speaking of travel, do NOT travel with _________________ in your checked baggage. Use a carry-on.
a LiPo battery
If your battery is damaged or puffy / swollen, it’s ________________.
No good
Temperature matters. Always store your LiPo batteries in a ___________________.
cool, dry place
Related to this, __________________ do not work well in cold weather. The colder it is, the shorter your battery life will be due to the slowing down of the chemical activity within the battery.
LiPo batteries
When a series of judgmental errors leads to a human factors-related accident, this is sometimes referred to as the ____________.
error chain
______________________________ is a systematic mental approach to consistently determine the best course of action in a given situation.
Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM)
______________________ involves considering the hazards of a given operation, determining the risk severity, and then developing a plan to lessen (or to mitigate) the risk to an acceptable level. By documenting and compiling these processes over time, you can build an arsenal of safety practices that will add to the safety and success of future operations.
Strong risk mitigation
The __________ is a trained crew member, in visual line-of-sight of the UAS, who assists the pilot in the duties associated with collision avoidance and complying with the applicable rules of flight.
Visual Observer
A series of judgemental errors which can lead to a human factors-related accident is sometimes referred to as the
Error chain
Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) is a
A) systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action for a given set of circumstances.
What is the one common factor which affects most preventable accidents?
Human error
_________________________ is the effective use of all available resources—human, hardware, software and information—prior to and during flight to ensure the successful outcome of the operation. It is the art and science of managing all the resources that are available to the remote pilot-in-command prior and during flight. That includes resources both on board the aircraft and from outside sources.
Crew Resource Management (CRM)
Good CRM includes:
Good communication procedures and methods, task management,
And other resources such as weather briefing, air traffic control (ATC), the FAA, local pilots, and landowners.
_________________________ describes the accurate perception and understanding of all the factors and conditions that affect safety before, during, and after flight.
situational awareness