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Chapter 7 > 7.1 > Flashcards

7.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mass?

A

-amount of matter in an object

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2
Q

What is mass usually measured in?

A

Grams or kilograms

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3
Q

What is volume?

A

The amount of space an object occupies

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4
Q

What is volume usually measured in?

A
  • millilitres or metres for liquids and gases

- cubic centimetres for solids

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5
Q

Describe the characteristics of solids?

A
  • particles are packed close together
  • definite shape and volume
  • particles are constantly vibrating
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6
Q

Describe the characteristics of Liquids?

A
  • definite volume, but shape is determined by its surroundings
  • particles are packed closely together, but not as close as solids
  • particles slide past each their to move around
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7
Q

Describe the characteristics of a gas?

A
  • particles are very spread apart
  • volume and shape determined by surroundings
  • particles move around freely
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8
Q

What are the 4 points of particle model of matter?

A

1) everything is made up of tiny particles
2) there are spaces between particles
3) particles are constantly moving
4) particles are attracted to each other

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9
Q

Model?

A

Scientists use models to visualize and

Predict objects or processes that ant be see directly

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10
Q

Theory?

A

Scientists use theory’s to provide explanations based on experimental results

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11
Q

What Kinetic energy?

A

Energy of motion (moving things have kinetic energy)

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12
Q

What’s KMT?

A

A theory that explains the behaviour of particles of matter when there kinetic energy changes

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13
Q

What are the 4 points of KMT?

A

1) all matter is made up of very small particles (atoms and molecules)
2) there is empty space between particles
3) particles are always moving
4) energy makes particles move (the more energy the Particles have the faster they can move and the farther apart they can get)

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14
Q

What happens when you increase the kinetic energy of a particle?

A

Particles move faster and needs more space to move

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15
Q

What happens when you increase the kinetic energy of particles of a substance?

A

Particles need more space to move, so the the volume of the material increases

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16
Q

What is thermal expansion?

A

An expansion, or increase in volume, because of an increase in temperature

17
Q

What happens when you decrease the kinetic energy of a particle?

A

The particles slow down and need less space to move

18
Q

What happens when you decrease the kinetic energy of a particle is a substance?

A

All particles need less space, so material must decrease

19
Q

What is thermal contraction?

A

A contraction, or decrease in volume, causes by a decrease in temperature

20
Q

Thermal energy?

A

The total amount of kinetic energy of all the particles of a substance?

21
Q

Heat?

A

Energy transferred from a material with more thermal energy to a material with less thermal energy (usually measured in joules)

22
Q

Where does heat always flow?

A

Hate always flows from more thermal energy to less thermal energy

23
Q

Temperature?

A

The average kinetic energy of its particles, measured In Degrees

24
Q

Solid-gas

A

Sublimation

25
Q

Gas-solid

A

Deposition

26
Q

Liquid-gas

A

Evaporation

27
Q

Gas-liquid

A

Condensation

28
Q

Liquid-solid

A

Solidification

29
Q

Solid-liquid

A

Melting

30
Q

Melting point?

A

The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid

31
Q

Boiling point?

A

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas

32
Q

Solid lead?

A

Particles are very close to one another, fixed in position, and vibrate

33
Q

Melting lead?

A

As the temperature increases, the particles kinetic energy increases. This motion results in the particles colliding with eachother and making more space between them.

34
Q

Liquid lead?

A

All particles are still close, but now have enough space to slide last one another

35
Q

Boiling lead?

A

As the temperature keeps on Increasing, the kinetic energy increases and the particles bounce vigorously against eachother, creating more space. Some particles can gain enough energy to break completely free from the liquid lead.

36
Q

Gaseous lead?

A

All particles are highly energetic and move freely to spread out their container. Further heating gives particles even more kinetic energy, making the gas spread out faster and further

37
Q

Matter?

A
  • what everything is made of

- anything that has mass and volume

Chapter 7 (2 decks)

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