70-410 Exam Study Flashcards
1
Q
Powerhsell command to to show a list of features available for install
A
Get-WindowsFeature
2
Q
ReFS
A
Unlimited file and directory sizes and increased resiliency that eliminates the need for error-checking tools. No support for NTFS features including compressions, EFS, disk quotas. Can’t be read by anything older than 2012.
3
Q
Prepping for an upgrade (2)
A
-Save mass storage drivers on removable media. -Check application compatibility: use setup program to generate a compatibility report. Check manufacturer’s website for updates. -Ensure computer functionality -Perform a full backup -Disable virus protection -Disconnect the UPS device -Purchase the correct Windows Server 2012 R2 edition.
4
Q
DIsabled with payload removed (Powershell)
A
Uninstall-WindowsFeature Server-GUi-Shell -remove
5
Q
Dynamic Disks
A
Single partition that occupies the entire disk. You can create an unlimited number of volumes out of the space in that partition. Supports several different types of volumes.
6
Q
What are a couple of valid reasons as to why administrators might want to install their Windows Server 2012 R2 servers by using the Server Core option?
A
-A server core installation can be converted to the full GUI without re-installing the operating system. -The new Server manager in Windows Server 2012 R2 makes it much easier to administer servers remotely.
7
Q
Minimal Server interface
A
-Server manager -MMC -Device Manger -Powershell in order to configure, remove “Server Graphical Shell” in roles and features.
8
Q
Roles available in Server core installation
A
ADCS ADDS ADLDS ADRMS DHCP DNS File an Storage Hyper-V Print and Document Services Remote access Web Server (IIS) WSUS
9
Q
Which of the following command-line tools are used to join a computer to a domain?
A
netdom.exe
10
Q
What powershell command is used to completely remove the GUI installation files from the system?
A
Uninstall-WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra,Server-Gui-Shell -Remove
11
Q
Storage pool
A
Find the storage pool wizard. Disks that are eligible don’t have partitions or volumes. Vice Versa for in-eligble disks.
12
Q
Mount in the following Empty NTFS Folder
A
Type path to an existing NTFS folder or browse. The entire contents of the new drive will appear in the foler you specify.
13
Q
What volume types supported by Windows Server 2012 R2 provide fault tolerance?
A
-A mirrored volume writes duplicate copies of all data to two disks, thereby providing fault tolerance. -A RAID-5 volume writes data and parity information on multiple disks, thereby providing fault tolerance.
14
Q
Spanned Volume
A
Consists of space from 2 to 32 physical disks all of which must be dynamic disks.
15
Q
Migrating Roles
A
Preferred method for an upgrade. -Between versions (i.e. 2003 to 2012) -Between platforms (32 bit to 64 bit) -Between editions (Essentials to Standard) -Between physical and virtual instances -Between Installation options (Server Core to Server with a GUI)
16
Q
Roles not available in Server core installation
A
ADFS Application server (deprecated) Fax server Network Policy and access services Remote desktop Gateway Remote desktop session host Remote desktop web access Volume activation services Windows deployment services.
17
Q
Simple Volume
A
Consists of space from a single disk. You can extend it to multiple disks to create spanned or striped Volumes as long as it’s not the boot volume. Can extend to any adjacent unallocated space on same disk, or with limitations shrink the volume by deallocating any unused space in the volume.
18
Q
Downside to NIC Teaming
A
Large TCP sequences on the network such as Hyper V live migration will avoid using multiple adapters to minimize lost and out of order TCP segments. There will not be any performance increase. Dynamic mode, however, splits these large TCP sequences into smaller units and distributes them among the NICs. This is default load-balancing mode in 2012 r2.
19
Q
Installation Requirements
A
-1.4-GHz 64-bit processor -512 MB RAM -32 GB available disk space -Super VGA (1024 x 768) or higher resolution. -Keyboard and mouse. -Internet access.
20
Q
Do not assing A drive letter or drive path
A
Create partition but not ready for use. It’s left unmounted and inaccessible. When you want to mount it, just assign a drive letter.
21
Q
Rename a computer (via CLI netdom)
A
netdom renamecomputer %ComputerName% /NewName:
22
Q
Convert Full GUI to Server Core (Powershell)
A
Uninstall-WindowsFeature Server-Gui-MGMT-Infra, Server-Gui-Shell -Restart
23
Q
NIC Teaming: Switch Dependent Mode
A
All network adapters are connected to the same switch, providing a single interface with their combined bandwidth. Static teaming: generic mode that balances the traffic between adapters in the team or use Link Aggregation protocol (IEEE 802.3ax)
24
Q
What is not true about the server manager?
A
What’s not true is that Server manager can deploy roles to multiple servers at the same time.
25
Powershell Command to Install Features
Install-WindowsFeature
26
Windows Server 2012 R2 Upgrade that doesn't work
-Prior versions of Server 2008 -Pre-RTM editions of server 2012 -From workstations -cross platform (x86 to 64 bit -upgrades from itanium (solely x86) -Cross-language (2008 engish to 2012 r2 french)
27
New-Storage Pool paramters
-EnclosureAwareDefault: Specifies if pool is being created from disks housed in a disk enclosure that supports SCSI. Enables pool to use information such as slot locations, to balance data storage among hardware devices. -ProvisioningTypeDefault: Type of provisioning (Unknown, Fixed, or Thin) -ResiliencySettingsNameDefault: Resiliency setting (Simple, Mirror, or parity).
28
File System
Options available base on the size of the volume include ReFS, NTFS, exFAT, FAT32, and FAT.
29
Disk-Level Fault Tolerance
Built into storage spaces provided at the disk level, not the volume level.
30
Fixed Size
Allocates disk space for the VHD/VHDX file at once.
31
What path(s) are a valid upgrade path to Windows Server 2012 R2?
Windows Server 2008 standard to Windows Server 2012 R2 standard
32
Server Core
-Hardware resource conservation. -Reduced disk space. -Reduced patch frequency (less downtime.) -Reduced attack surface.
33
Simple (Storage Pool)
Requires the pool to contain at least 1 physical disk and provides no fault tolerance. When more than one disk is available it stripes data across all disks.
34
Add Server core to GUI (OS)
Go to Add programs and features, and select -User Interfaces and infrastructure -Graphical Management tools and infrastructure -Server Graphical Shell
35
What processor architectures can be used for a clean Windows Server 2012 r2 installation?
64-bit processor only.
36
Server Manager
designed to enable administrators to fully manage windows servers without ever having to interact directly with the server console.
37
Deploy Roles to VHDs
-Go to Add Roles and Features -Select installation type -Select the "Select A Virtual hard disk option." -In the VHD text box, browse to the location of the VHD file. -Select the server the wizard should use to mount the VHD. -Select the role. -Select the feature. -Finish installation. -Click close to dismount the VHD.
38
Add GUI to a Server Core (Powershell)
Can only be done by powershell: Install-WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra, Server-Gui-Shell -Restart
39
Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter
Large Servers with up to 64 procs. Fault-Tolerance such as hot-add proc support. Only available through volume-licensing program and is bundled with a server from OEM. 1 POSE instance. Unlimited VOSE instances.
40
Thin
Allocates space from the storage pool to the disk as needed up to the maximum specified size.
41
WinSxS
Used for features on demand. Serves as an installation medium for features possibly needed down the road. You can activate features from the files copied from setup from this folder.
42
Perform A quick Format
Formats disk without checking for errors. Faster, but not recommended. When you check for errors, the system looks for and marks bad sectors on the disk so that your clients will not use those portions of the disk.
43
Windows Server Migration Tools
Standard feature located within Roles and features. Must be installed on source and destination servers.
44
Server core
Perform postinstallation tasks from the command line.
45
Delegate Administration
Assign the appropriate permissions for your environment for certain people to manage certain things.
46
Allocation unit size
Specify file system cluster size. Signifies the basic unit of bytes in which the system allocated disk space. i.e. if client uses consistently small files, you might set the allocation unit size to a smaller cluster size.
47
VHD
Original and more compatible format, which supports files of up to 2,040GB.
48
What operations can you not perform on a service by using Server manager?
-Disable a service. -Configure a service to start when the computer starts.
49
What powershell command is used to convert the full GUI installation to Server Core?
Uninstall-WindowsFeature Server-GUI-MGMT-Infra, Server-GUI-Shell -Restart
50
Join the computer to a domain (via CLI netdom)
netdom join %ComputerName% /domain: /userd: /passwordd:\* (\*) prompts you for the password.
51
Which features must be removed from a full GUI installation of Windows Server 2012 R2 in order to convert it to a Server Core Installation?
-Graphical management tools and infrastructure -Server graphical shell.
52
RAID-5 Volume
Consists of space on three or more physical disks, all of which must be dynamic. Allows for 1 physical disk failure. Write performance suffers due to parity calculations.
53
Mirrored Volume
Consists of identical amount of space on two physical disks, both of which must by dynamic disks.
54
Install Roles via exported config file (Powershell)
Install-Windowsfeature -ConfigurationFilePath
55
Nic Teaming: Switch Independent Mode
All network adapters are connected to different switches, providing alternative routes through the network. Active/Active: config leaves all net adapters functional, increasing throughput. Active/Standby: Config one adapter is left offline to function as a failover.
56
Parity (Storage Pool)
Requires the pool to contain atleast three physical disks and provides fault tolerance by striping parity information along with data.
57
What terms is the name of the directory where Windows stores all the operating system modules it might need to install at a later time?
WinSxS
58
GPT
Existed since late '90s, but no x86 version of Windows prior to 2008 and Vista. Not eligible to be boot disk. Only option that server manager supports. 128 volumes can be created.
59
What features must be added to a windows server 2012 r2 core installation to convert it to the minimal server interface?
Graphical management tools and infrastructure.
60
Fixed
Allocates the maximum specified amount of space to the disk immediately on creating it.
61
VHDX
New version of the format that supports files of up to 64TB but can be read only by computers running Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2
62
Max Hardware Configuration
-640 processors -4 TB of RAM -64 failover cluster nodes
63
What best describes the requirements for extending a volume on a dynamic disk?
-When extending a simple volume, you can use only the available space on the same disk. If you extend the volume to another disk, it is no longer simple. -You can extend a simple volume across additional disks if it is not a system volume or a boot volume.
64
Storage Solution Factors
-Amount of storage the server needs. -Number of users who access the server at the same time. -Sensitivity to the data being stored. -Importance of data organization.
65
A JBOD drive array is alternative to which of the following storage technologies?
A JBOD array is an alternative to a RAID array that treats each disk as an independent volume.
66
Minimal Server Interface (Items omitted)
Omitted elements to enhance performance: -IE -Desktop -File Explorer -Windows 8 desktop apps -Programs and features -Network and sharing center -Devices and Printers Center -Display -Firewall -Windows Update -Fonts -Storage spaces
67
What is true about striped volumes?
-Striping provides improved performance because each disk drive in the array has time to seek the location of its next stripe while the other drives are writing. -If a single physical disk in the striped volume fails, all the data in the entire volume is lost.
68
Windows Server 2012 R2 Foundation
Scaled down. Designed for small businesses that require basic server features such as: file & print services, and application support. Comes pre-installed with server hardware. No virtualization rights. Limited to 15 users. 1 POSE instance.
69
Enable File and Folder Compressions
Turns on compression for the disk. Only available with NTFS.
70
Volume Label
Name for partition or volume.
71
Dynamically Expanding
Allocates disk space to the VHD/VHDX file as you add data to the virtual hard disk.
72
Features on Demand
Three states: Enabled, Disabled, and disabled with payload removed.
73
Storage pool creation (powershell)
New-StoragePool -FriendlyName -StorageSubSytemFriendlyName -PhysicalDisks
74
MBR
Been around before Windows and still a common partition style for x86 and x64-based computers. 4 volumes can be created.
75
On a new server running Windows Server 2012 R2, Morris created a storage pool that consists of two physical drives holding 1 TB each. Then he created three simple virtual disks out of the space in the storage pool. Using the disk Management snap-in, Morris then created a RAID-5 volume out of the three virtual disks. 1.) In What way is Morris's storage plan ineffectual at providing fault tolerance? 2.)Why will adding a third disk to the storage pool fail to improve the fault tolerance of the storage plan? 3.) How can Morris modify the storage plan to make it fault tolerant?
1.) Morris created a Raid 5 out of virtual disks created out of a storage pool that has only two physical disks. Raid 5 can only provide FT by storing data on 3 disks. 2.)Adding a 3rd disk doesn't guarantee FT because there is no assurance that each of the three virtual disks exists on a separate individual disk. 3.)To make the plan fault-Tolerant, Morris should delete the three simple virtual disks and create on new virtual disk by using either the mirror or parity layout option.
76
Storage Spaces
concatenates storage space from individual physical disks and allocates that space to create virtual disks of any size supported by the hardware. Similar to SAN, but uses direct attached disks or simple external JBOD arrays. .
77
Which NIC teaming modes provides fault tolerance and bandwidth aggregation?
Switch independent mode. It provides separate paths to separate switches.
78
Obtain the correct designations for storage subsystem and physical disks
-Get-StorageSubSystem -Get-PhysicalDisk
79
Storage pool
Used by storage spaces. Spans multiple drives invisibly providing accumulated storage resource that administrators can expand or reduce as needed by adding disks to or removing them from the pool.
80
Mirror (Storage Pool)
Requires the pool to contain at least 2 physical disks and provides fault tolerance by storing identical copies to every file. Two physical disks provide protection against a single disk failure. Five physical disks provide protection against 2 disk failures.
81
Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard
Includes the full set of 2012 R2 features and differs from Datacenter edition only in the number of Virtual machine instances permitted by the license. 1 POSE instance 2 VOSE instances
82
NTFS
Preferred file system for a server. Improved support for larger hard drives than FAT, and better security in the forma of encryption and permissions that restrict access by unauthorized users.
83
Prepping for an Upgrade
-Check hardware compatibility -Check disk space : Sufficient disk space needed on partition where the old OS is installed. -Confirm software is signed: kernel-mode software such as device drivers must be signed or it will not load. The upgrade will abort or you will receive errors. (You can disable the driver signature by pressing F8 on boot)
84
FAT
Lacks security that NTFS provides. Any user who gains access can ready any file without restriction. Disk limitations. FAT32 can't handle a partition greater than 32GB or a file greater than 4GB. FAT no hard disk greater than 4 GB or file greater than 2 GB.
85
Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials
Nearly all features included in Standard and Datacenter; however, does not include Server Core, Hyper-v, and ADFS. Limited to one physical or virtual server instance and max 25 users. 1 (POSE or VOSE)
86
Shared Folder Strategy
-What folders will you share -What names you will assign to the shares. -What permissions you will grant users to the shares -What offline Files settings you will use for shares.
87
what needs to be enabled for file shares to be accessible over the network?
Network discovery
88
Server Message Blocks (SMB)
SMB is the standard file sharing protocol used by all versions of Windows.
89
Network File System (NFS)
NFS is the standard file sharing protocol used by most UNIX and Linux distributions.
90
What role is needed in order to create and manage SMB shares by using Server Manager?
File Server role Service.
91
What role is needed to manage and create NFS shares?
NFS role service.
92
SMB Share-Quick
Provides basic SMB sharing with full share and NTFS permissions.
93
SMB Share-Advanced
Provides SMB sharing with full share and NTFS permissions and access to services provided by FIle Server Resource Manager.
94
SMB Share-Applications
Provides SMB sharing with settings suitable for Hyper-V and other applications.
95
NFS Share-Quick
Provides basic NFS sharing with authentication and permissions.
96
NFS share-Advanced
Provides NFS sharing with authentication and permissions and access to services provided by Server Resource Manager.
97
Enable Access-Based Enumeration
Prevents users from seeing files and folders they do not have permission to access.
98
Allow Caching of Share
Enables offline users to access the contents of this share. Must be enabled on client-side and server-side.
99
Enable BranchCache on the File Share
Enables BranchCache servers to cache files accessed from this share.
100
Encrypt Data Access
Causes the server to encrypt remote file access to this share.
101
Always available offline
Causes clients to always use the cached copy of server files, providing better performance. To implement, set the Configure slow-link mode Group Policy setting on the client to a value of 1 millisecond.
102
Share Permissions
Control access to folders over a network. To access a file over a network, a users must have appropriate share permissions (and appropriate NTFS permissions if the shared folder is on an NTFS Volume).
103
NTFS Permissions
Control access to the file and folders stored on disk volumes formatted with the NTFS file system. To access a file, either on the local system or over a network, a user must have the appropriate NTFS permissions.
104
ACL
collection of individual permissions in the form of access control entries (ACE).
105
ACE
Consists of a security principal (user name, group, computer granted the permissions) and the specific permissions assigned to that security principal.
106
Basic Permissions
Combinations of advanced permissions, which provide the most granular control over the element.
107
Standard Permissions (Pre 2012)
Now known as Basic permissions.
108
Special permissions (Pre 2012)
Now known as Advanced permissions.
109
Additive permissions
Preferred method. Start with no permissions and then grant Allow permissions to individual security principals to give them the access they need.
110
Subtractive
Start by granting all possible Allow permissions to individual security principals, giving them full control over the system element, and then grant them deny permissions for the access you don't want them to have.
111
Effective Access
Explicitly assigned, inherited, or received through group membership for an element.
112
Effective Access (Allow)
-Allow permissions are cumulative. When a security principal receives Allow permissions from more than one source, the permissions are combined to form the effective access permissions.
113
Effective Access (Deny)
Deny permissions override Allow permissions. When a security principal receives Allow permissions—whether explicitly, by inheritance, or from a group—you can override those permissions by granting the principal Deny permissions of the same type.
114
Effective Access (Explicit)
Explicit permissions take precedence over inherited permissions. When a security principal receives permissions by inheriting them from a parent or from group memberships, you can override those permissions by explicitly assigning contradicting permissions to the security principal itself.
115
Volume shadow copies
Used for previous versions. Can only be applied to a drive, and not individual folders and files.
116
NTFS Quotas
Enable administrators to set a storage limit for users of a particular volume. Depending on how you configure the quota, users exceeding the limit can either be denied disk space or just receive a warning.
117
File Server Resource Manager
Much more flexible than NTFS quotas in the limits you can set and the responses of the program (which can send email notifications, execute commands, generate reports, or create log events.
118
Work Folders
Windows Server 2012 R2 feature that enables administrators to provide their users with synchronized access to their files on multiple workstations and devices while storing them on a network file server.
119
Installing Work Folders
u install the Work Folders role service in the File and Storage Services role on a server running Windows Server 2012 R2 and create a new type of share called a sync share. This installs the IIS Hostable Web Core feature, which makes it possible for the server to respond to incoming HTTP requests from Work Folders clients on the network.
120
What is the maximum number of shadow copies a Windows Server 2012 R2 system can maintain for each volume?
64
121
Which of the following terms describes the process of granting users access to file server shares by reading their permissions?
Authorization
122
Which of the following are tasks you can perform by using the quotas in File Server Resource Manager but can’t perform by using NTFS quotas
-Send an email message to an administrator when users exceed their limits.
123
In the Windows Server 2012 R2 NTFS permission system, combinations of advanced permissions are also known as _____________ permissions
-Basic -Standard
124
Which of the following statements best describes the role of the security principal in file system permission assignments?
The security principal in file system permission assignments is the person to whom the permissions are assigned.
125
Print Device
actual hardware that produces hard-copy documents on paper or other print media.
126
Printer
software interface through which a computer communicates with a print device. 2012 R2 supports numerous physical interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB), IEEE 1394 (FireWire), parallel (LPT), serial (COM), Infrared Data Access (IrDA), Bluetooth ports, and network printing services such as LPR, Internet Printing Protocol (IPP), and standard TCP/IP ports.
127
Print Server
computer (or standalone device) that receives print jobs from clients and sends them to print devices that are either attached locally or connected to the network
128
Printer Driver
device driver that converts the print jobs generated by applications into an appropriate string of commands for a specific print device. Printer drivers are designed for a specific print device and provide applications with access to all the print device’s features.
129
Direct Printing
one print device connected to one computer, also known as a locally attached print device.
130
Locally Attached Printer Sharing
you can also share the printer (and the print device) with other users on the same network. In this arrangement, the computer with the locally attached print device functions as a print server.
131
Network Attached Printing
Print device connected directly to the network.
132
Downside to not having a print server
- Users only see their jobs. - Users aren't aware of other users accessing the print device. - No central way to manage. - No advanced printing features. - Error messages only impact individuals. - Print job processing performed by client computer rather than being offloaded to an external print server. Only suitable for a small workgroup.
133
Network-Attached Printer sharing
designate one computer as a print server and use it to service all the print clients on the network.
134
Configuring Network-Attached Printer sharing
install a printer on one computer (which becomes the print server) and configure it to access the print device directly through a TCP port. You then share the printer, just as you would a locally attached print device, and configure the clients to access the print share.
135
Printer Pool
connect a single printer to multiple print devices. Will distribute the print jobs.
136
Multiple printers to a single print device
you can configure different priorities, security settings, auditing, and monitoring parameters for different users. For example, you can create a high-priority printer for company executives and a lower-priority printer for junior users. This ensures that the executives’ jobs get printed first, even if the printers are connected to the same print device
137
Remote Desktop Easy Print
driver that enables Remote Desktop clients running applications on a server to redirect their print jobs back to their local print devices.
138
Printer permissions
much simpler than NTFS permissions; they dictate whether users are allowed to use the printer, manage documents submitted to the printer, or manage the properties of the printer itself.
139
Print Management console
administrative tool that consolidates the controls for the printing components throughout the enterprise into a single console
140
Which of the following terms best describes the software interface through which a computer communicates with a print device?
Printer
141
You are setting up a printer pool on a computer running Windows Server 2012 R2. The printer pool contains three identical print devices. You open the Properties dialog box for the printer and select the Enable Printer Pooling option on the Ports tab. Which of the following steps must you perform next?
Enable printer pooling.
142
One of your print devices is not working properly, so you want to temporarily prevent users from sending jobs to the printer serving that device. Which of the following actions should you take?
Stop sharing the printer.
143
You are administering a computer running Windows Server 2012 R2 configured as a print server. Users in the Marketing group report that they cannot print documents using a printer on the server. You view the permissions in the printer’s properties. The Marketing group is allowed Manage Documents permission. Which of the following statements best explains why the users cannot print to the printer?
The Marketing group must be granted the Print permission
144
You are administering a print server running Windows Server 2012 R2. You want to perform maintenance on a print device physically connected to the print server. There are several documents in the print queue. You want to prevent the documents from being printed to the printer, but you don’t want users to have to resubmit the documents to the printer. Which of the following statements best describes the best way to do this?
Open the printer’s queue window and select the Pause Printing option from the Printer menu
145
How To manage a non-domain joined server using Server Manager
Supply administrative credentials for the non-domain joined server ■■ Add the non-domain joined server to the system’s WS-Management TrustedHosts list.
146
To add a non-domain joined server to Server manager
Use the DNS option or the import option in the Add Servers Wizard.
147
Trusted Hosts list
exists on a logical drive called WSMan:; the path to the list itself is WSMan:\localhost\Client\TrustedHosts. To add a computer to the list, use the Set-Item cmdlet in Windows PowerShell. (Set-Item WSMan:\localhost\Client\TrustedHosts –value -force)
148
Using WinRM (Powershell)
Configure-SMRemoting.exe -Get | -Enable | -Disable
149
MMC
uses the Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) for remote management instead of WinRM
150
Configure Windows Firewall Rules for Remote Server management using DCOM on a server Core Installlation (Powershell)
Set-NetFirewallRule –name –enabled True
151
Obtain the Windows PowerShell names for the preconfigured rules in Windows Firewall, (Powershell)
Get-NetFirewallRule
152
Establish a Windows PowerShell session with the remote computer
Enter-PSSession -credential
153
Display a list of the roles and features on the remote server
Get-WindowsFeature
154
Using the short name of the role or service as it appears in the Get-WindowsFeature display, install the component
Add-WindowsFeature
155
Close the session with the remote server
Exit-PSSession
156
To avoid having to work with a long scrolling list of servers in server manager
Create server groups.
157
To manage Windows servers from a workstation
install the Remote Server Administration Tools package for the version of Windows running on your workstation from the Microsoft Download Center at http://www.microsoft.com/download.
158
Contextual tasks
When you right-click a server in a Servers tile anywhere in Server Manager, you see a shortcut menu that provides access to tools and commands pointed at the selected server.
159
Noncontextual tasks
The menu bar at the top of the Server Manager console provides access to internal tasks, such as launching the Add Server Wizard and the Install Roles And Features Wizard, and the Server Manager Properties dialog box, in which you can specify the console’s refresh interval.
160
Noncontextual tools
The console’s Tools menu provides access to external programs, such as MMC snap-ins and the Windows PowerShell interface, that are directed at the local system.
161
Which of the following tasks must you perform before you can manage a remote server running Windows Server 2012 R2 using the Computer Management snap-in?
The COM+ Network Access rule must be enabled on the remote server for MMC snap-ins to connect.
162
Which of the following Windows PowerShell cmdlets can you use to list the existing Windows Firewall rules on a computer running Windows Server 2012 R2
Get-NetFirewallRule Show-NetFirewallRule
163
Which of the following tasks can you not perform remotely on a server running Windows Server 2008?
You cannot install roles on a remote server running Windows Server 2008 by using Server Manager.
164
Which of the following updates must you install on a server running Windows Server 2008 before you can connect to it by using Windows Server 2012 R2 Server Manager?
.NET Framework 4.0 Windows Management Framework 3.0
165
When you run Server Manager from a Windows 8 workstation using Remote Server Administration Tools, which of the following elements do not appear in the default display?
The Local Server home page does not appear, because the local system is a workstation, not a server.
166
RemoteFX
enables remote computers to connect Hyper-V guest VMs with an enhanced desktop experience, including graphics adapter virtualization, USB redirection, and intelligent encoding and decoding.
167
Hyper V
adding the Hyper-V role actually converts the installed instance of Windows Server 2012 R2 into the parent partition and causes the system to load the hypervisor before the OS
168
READERAID HEADER
Readeraid. You might find that reports vary on the specific minimum requirements of Windows Server 2008. This is not uncommon for new operating systems because the minimum requirements change as the operating system moves from beta to the release candidate stage to the final RTM version. The requirements outlined in Table 1-1 are not finalized. You might be able to get Windows Server 2008 to install on a computer that does not meet these specifications, but the experience will be less than optimal.
169
Windows Server 2012 R2 Hyper-V host
can have up to 320 logical processors, supporting up to 2,048 virtual CPUs and up to 4 terabytes (TB) of physical memory. One server can host as many as 1,024 active VMs and a single VM can have up to 64 virtual CPUs and up to 1 TB of memory. Hyper-V can also support clusters with up to 64 nodes and 8,000 VMs.
170
Windows Powershell Hyper-V
inclusion of a Hyper-V module for Windows PowerShell, which includes new cmdlets dedicated to the creation and management of the Hyper-V service and its VMs.
171
Hyper-V Server 2012 R2
includes the Hyper-V role, which it installs by default during the OS installation. With the exception of some limited File and Storage Services and Remote Desktop capabilities, the OS includes no other roles, Hyper-V Server is also limited to the Server Core interface. Hyper-V Server is a free product, available for download from Microsoft’s website. However, Hyper-V Server does not include any licenses for virtual instances. You must obtain and license all the OSs you install on the VMs you create.
172
Hyper-V hardware Requirements
-A 64-bit processor that includes hardware-assisted virtualization -A system BIOS that supports the virtualization hardware -Hardware-enforced Data Execution Prevention (DEP), which Intel describes as eXecute Disable (XD) and AMD describes as No eXecute (NX). This is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory. Specifically, you must enable the Intel XD bit (execute disable bit) or the AMD NX bit (no execute bit).
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Install Hyper-V Using Powershell
Install-WindowsFeature –Name Hyper-V -ComputerName -IncludeManagementTools -Restart
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Hyper-V Manager
If trying to manage hyper V from a server that doesn't have the hyper v role, install the Hyper-V Management Tools feature.
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Hyper V VM Container Contents
■ A virtual machine configuration file in XML format with an .xml extension that contains the VM configuration information, including all settings for the VM One or more VHD (.vhd or .vhdx) files to store the guest OS, applications, and data for the VM
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Saved State VM
Stored as a vsv file if a machine has been placed into a saved state.
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Create a New VM using Windows Powershell
New-VM –Name “VM name” –MemoryStartupBytes –NewVHDSizeBytes
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Generation 1 VMS
designed to emulate the hardware found in a typical computer. To do this, they use drivers for specific devices, such as an AMI BIOS, an S3 graphics adapter, and an Intel chipset and network adapter. Generation 1 VMs that you create with Windows Server 2012 R2 Hyper-V are completely compatible with all previous Hyper-V versions.
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Generation 2 VMs
use synthetic drivers and software-based devices instead; they provide advantages that include the following: ■■ UEFI boot Instead of using the traditional BIOS, Generation 2 VMs support Secure Boot using the Universal Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), which requires a system to boot from digitally signed drivers and enables them to boot from drives larger than 2 TB with GUID partition tables. ■■ SCSI disks Generation 2 VMs omit the IDE disk controller used by Generation 1 VMs to boot the system and use a high-performance virtual SCSI controller for all disks, enabling the VMs to boot from VHDX files and support hot-disk adds and removes.
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Generation 2 VM supported OS versions
Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2012 R2 Windows 8 64-bit Windows 8.1 64-bit
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Generation 1 VM supported OS versions
Windows Server 2012 R2 Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows Server 2008 Windows Home Server 2011 Windows Small Business Server 2011 Windows Server 2003 R2 Windows Server 2003 SP2 Windows 8.1 Windows 8 Windows 7 Enterprise and Ultimate Windows Vista Business, Enterprise, and Ultimate SP2 Windows XP Professional SP3 Windows XP x64 Professional SP2 CentOS 6.0–6.2 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0–6.2 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP2
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Operating System Shutdown (Hyper V)
Enables the Hyper-V Manager console to remotely shut down a guest OS in a controlled manner, eliminating the need for an administrator to log on and manually shut the system down.
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Time Synchronization (Hyper V)
Enables Hyper-V to synchronize the OS clocks in parent and child partitions
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Data Exchange (Hyper V)
Enables the Windows OSs on the parent and child partitions to exchange information, such as OS version information and fully qualified domain names
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Heartbeat (Hyper V)
Implements a service in which the parent partition sends regular heartbeat signals to the child partitions, which are expected to respond in kind. A failure of a child partition to respond indicates that the guest OS has frozen or malfunctioned.
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Backup (Hyper V)
Enables backup of Windows VMs by using Volume Shadow Copy Services.
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Guest Services (Hyper V)
Enables administrators to copy files to a virtual machine without using a network connection
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Linux on Hyper V
you must download and install the latest release of Linux Integration Services Version 3.4 for Hyper-V from the Microsoft Download Center
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Enhanced session mode
enables the Virtual Machine Connection window to redirect any of the following local resources to VMs running Windows Server 2012 R2 or Windows 8.1: Display configuration Audio Printers Clipboard Smart cards USB devices Drives Supported Plug and Play devices
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Dynamic Memory (Hyper V)
enables Hyper-V to adjust the amount of RAM allocated to VMs, depending on their ongoing requirements. Allocated from a memory pool.
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Startup RAM
Specifies the amount of memory that you want to allocate to the VM when it starts. When you are using Dynamic Memory, this value can be the minimum amount of memory needed to boot the system.
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Minimum RAM
Specifies the smallest amount of memory the VM can use at any time. OSs can require more memory to start up than to run, so this value can be smaller than the Startup RAM value
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Maximum RAM
Specifies the largest amount of memory that the VM can use at any time. The value can range from a low equal to the Startup RAM value to a high of 64 GB.
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Memory Buffer
Specifies a percentage that Hyper-V uses to calculate how much memory to allocate to the VM, compared to its actual utilization, as measured by performance counters. For example, with the Memory Buffer value set to 20 percent, a VM with applications and OS that consume 1 GB of memory will receive a dynamic allocation of 1.2 GB.
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Memory Weight
Specifies a relative value that specifies the priority of this VM compared to the other VMs on the same computer. When the physical memory in the computer is insufficient to allocate the full-buffered amount specified for each VM, the VMs with the highest Memory Weight settings receive priority
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Configure Memory Settings (Powershell)
Set-VMMemory -DynamicMemoryEnabled $true -MinimumBytes -StartupBytes -MaximumBytes -Priority -Buffer
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Smart Paging (Memory)
If a VM has to restart and there is not enough memory available to allocate its startup RAM value, the system uses hard disk space to make up the difference and begins paging memory contents to disk. smart paging incurs a severe performance penalty, but the paging occurs only for as long as it takes to restart the VM and return it to its minimum RAM allocation.
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Resource Metering
Windows PowerShell–based feature in Windows Server 2012 R2 Hyper-V that enables administrators to document VM usage by using a variety of criteria. Also can create resource pools to monitor specific components. -CPU -Memory stats -Disk space -Incoming and outgoing network traffic.
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Resource Metering (Powershell)
Enable-VMResourceMetering –VMName To display a report: Measure-VM –VMName
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Which of the following statements about Type I and Type II virtualization are true?
A Type I hypervisor runs directly on the computer hardware. A Type II hypervisor runs on top of a host OS.
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Which of the following types of server virtualization provides the best performance for high-traffic servers in production environments?
Type I virtualization provides the best performance because the hypervisor runs directly on the computer hardware and does not have the overhead of a host OS.
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Which of the following Microsoft operating systems includes a license that enables you to license an unlimited number of virtual instances?
Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter edition includes a license that enables you to create an unlimited number of virtual instances.
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Which of the following Hyper-V features make it possible for a VM to function with a minimum RAM value that is lower than the startup RAM value? (Choose all that apply.)
-Smart paging enables a VM to restart even if the amount of RAM specified as the startup value is unavailable. Smart paging causes the system to use disk space as a temporary substitute for memory during a system restart. - Dynamic Memory enables you to specify a minimum RAM value that is smaller than the startup RAM value, but Smart paging enables the system to function with those parameters. -Guest Integration Services is required for a guest OS to use Dynamic Memory.
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When you install the Hyper-V role on a server running Windows Server 2012 R2, the instance of the OS on which you installed the role is converted to what system element?
The instance of the OS on which you install the Hyper-V role becomes the parent partition.
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Which of the following statements about Generation 1 and Generation 2 virtual machines are true? (Choose all that apply.)
Because they use improved and synthetic drivers, Generation 2 VMs deploy faster than Generation 1 VMs.
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Fixed hard disk image
An image file of a specified size in which all the disk space required to create the image is allocated during its creation. Fixed disk images can be wasteful in terms of storage because they can contain large amounts of empty space, but they are also efficient from a performance standpoint because there is no overhead due to dynamic expansion.
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Dynamic hard disk image
An image file with a specified maximum size, which starts small and expands as needed to accommodate the data the system writes to it. This option conserves disk space but can negatively affect performance.
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Differencing hard disk image
A child image file associated with a specific parent image. The system writes all changes made to the data on the parent image file to the child image, to manage disk space or to facilitate a rollback at a later time.
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VHD
Creates an image no larger than 2 TB, using the highly compatible VHD format
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VHDX
Creates an image up to 64 TB, using the new VHDX format
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Create VHD (Powershell)
New-VHD –Path c:\filename.vhd|c:\filename.vhdx –Fixed|-Dynamic|-Differencing –SizeBytes [-BlockSizeBytes] [-LogicalSectorSizeBytes 512|4096] [-ParentPath]
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Differencing disk
Enables you to preserve an existing Virtual disk image file in its original stat while mounting it in an operating system and even modifying its contents.
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Pass through disk
type of virtual disk that points to a physical disk drive installed on the host computer
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Compact
Reduces the size of a dynamically expanding or differencing disk by deleting empty space while leaving the disk’s capacity unchanged
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Convert
Changes the type of format of a disk by copying the data to a new disk image file
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Expand
Increases the capacity of the disk by adding empty storage space to the image file
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Shrink
Reduces the capacity of the disk by deleting empty storage space from the file
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Merge
Combines the data on a differencing disk with that of the parent disk to form a single composite image file
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Checkpints
a captured image of the state, data, and hardware configuration of a VM at a particular moment in time. Creating checkpoints is a convenient way for administrators to revert a VM to a previous state at will
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QoS Management (Hyper V)
takes the form of controls that enables you to specify the minimum and maximum input/output operations per second (IOPS) for a disk.
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Server to storage
Servers can access storage devices over the SAN just as if they were connected directly to the computer.
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Server to server
Servers can use the SAN to communicate directly with one another at high speeds to avoid flooding the LAN with traffic.
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Storage to storage
Storage devices can communicate among themselves without server intervention, for example, to perform backups from one medium to another or to mirror drives on different arrays.
