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MCSA - Windows server 2012 R2 > 70-410 > Flashcards

70-410 Flashcards

1
Q

Server Core

A

reduces management and servicing by installing only what is needed to run most server roles and applications. Fully manage locally or remotely with Windows PowerShell.

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2
Q

Load Driver on Windows Setup

A

May have load windows drivers for storage from the manufacturer.

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3
Q

Windows Server 2012 R2 Foundation

A
  • Intended for small office networks.
  • Up to 15 users. No CALs.
  • Single CPU Socket. No Limit on cores.
  • Maximum of 32GB of RAM.
  • No Virtualization rights.
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4
Q

Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials

A
  • Intended for small office networks
  • Up to 25 users and 50 devices
  • Pre-configured connectivity to cloud-based services.
  • Remote Web Access
  • My Server app for Windows/RT/Phone
  • Microsoft Azure Backup Integration.
  • Office 365 Integration
  • No Virtualization rights.
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5
Q

Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard

A
  • The Entirety of Windows Server.
  • Up to two CPU sockets. No Limit on cores.
  • Two virtual instances included.
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6
Q

Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter

A
  • The entirety of Windows Server.
  • Up to two CPU sockets. No Limit on cores.
  • Unlimited virtual instances included.
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7
Q

Server with a GUI

A

Standard Windows GUI with traditional start screen. Server manager tool and MMC console supported. All server roles can be installed.

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8
Q

Minimal Server Interface

A

Also known as Windows Server core. Start screen, explorer, IE, and the desktop not supported.

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9
Q

Full Desktop Experience

A

Intended for using Windows Server as a desktop OS. Standard Windows GUI with traditional Start Screen, plus Windows Store and Windows Store apps supported.

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10
Q

Role

A

something a windows server aspires to be.

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11
Q

Role Service

A

The functions that fulfill those aspirations.

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12
Q

Feature

A

Other tasks that don’t fit within an established Role.

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13
Q

Use Powershell to Install a Role, Role Service, and Feature

A

Get-WindowsFeature to see all options.

-Install-WindowsFeature telnet-server

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14
Q

Supported Roles on Windows Server Core

A
  • AD Certificate Services. AD Domain Services. AD Lightweight Domain Services. AD Rights Management Services.
  • DHCP Server. DNS Server.
  • File and Storage Services.
  • Hyper-V
  • Print and Document Services.
  • Remote Access Services.
  • Streaming Media Services.
  • Web Server (IIS)
  • Windows Server Update Services.
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15
Q

Clean Install

A

Used for new installations. Used where old OS instance will be deleted. Used when changing from x86 to x64 architecture. Used when changing languages. Used when converting from pre-release versions.

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16
Q

Upgrade

A

Used when an existing OS instance requires an in-place upgrade. Supported upgrades:

  • Windows Server 2008 SP2
  • Windows Server 2008 R2
  • Windows Server 2012 Standard and Datacenter
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17
Q

License Conversion

A

DISM command can migrate a Windows Server instance to a higher OS Edition.

  • Offline servicing to OS images
  • Online servicing to running OS instances.
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18
Q

DISM

A

Services images.

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19
Q

Role Migration

A

Windows Server Migration Tools are available as an install-able feature in Server Manager.
-Install-WindowsFeatureMigration

Tools must be installed onto source and destination computer. This can be done manually.

Migration steps are different based on the role being migrated.

  • Export-SmigServerSetting
  • Import-SmigServerSetting
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20
Q

WinSxS Folder

A

Windows Side by Side. Allows Windows to have multiple different versions of things installed simultaneously. mechanism to allow windows to compartmentalize the roles and features. Directory to point to whenever you need a feature that requires media.

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21
Q

WinSxS Folder

A

Windows Side by Side. Allows Windows to have multiple different versions of things installed simultaneously. mechanism to allow windows to compartmentalize the roles and features. Directory to point to whenever you need a feature that requires media.

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22
Q

NIC Teaming

A

Located within Server Manager. Requires at least 2 physical network cards. Under Tasks, create new team. Select Network adapters involved.

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23
Q

Teaming Mode

A

Static Teaming, switch Independent, and LACP.

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24
Q

Static Teaming

A

Requires network guys to check switch config. Network has to recognize the team.

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25
Q

Switch Independent

A

Allows you to configure a team that doesn’t require additional support from the network side. If you don’t have advanced networking equipment, this is the one to choose.

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26
Q

LACP

A

Requires network guys to check the config on the switch. Is LACP configured.

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27
Q

Load Balancing Mode (NIC Teaming)

A

How you want the network traffic to balance between the 2 different networking cards. Dynamic is more of a standard. Hyper V is only used for Hyper V servers. Address hash is based off of IP address the traffic is coming from.

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28
Q

Standby Adapter

A

When another adapter fails. With 2 network cards. It is essentially one NIC with failover.

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29
Q

Powershell Setting IP

A
  • get-netAdapter. (To get the list of adpaters)
  • Get-NetAdapter ethernet0 | Set-NetIPInterface -dhcp disabled.
  • Get-NetAdapter ethernet0 | new-NetIPAddress -IPAddress 192.168.0.104 -DefaultGateway 192.168.0.1 -PrefixLength 24
  • Set-DNSClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias ethernet0 -ServerAddresses 192.168.0.100
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30
Q

Powershell NIC Teaming

A
  • new-netlbfoteam -name “Our Team” -TeamMembers ethernet0,ehternet1 -TeamingMode SwitchIndependent -LoadBalancingAlgorithm dynamic
  • you can set Team IP the same way as a single NIC. Get-NetAdapter “our team” | new-netIPAddress -IPaddress 192.0.0.0 -DefaultGateway 0.0.0.0 -PrefixLength 24
  • A “yes to all”
  • help LBFO
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31
Q

User Rights Assigment

A

Determines which users or groups to accomplish tasks on a machine. Local Security policy to delegate administration. Choose granular tasks. If on local security policy it would be only for that machine.

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32
Q

SC (Command Line Tool) for services

A

Create services or start/stop services. “SC query” will list all services on the machine. To stop service use “SC stop “. To get status of the service type “SC query “

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33
Q

manage services with powershell

A
  • get-service | stop-service.

- get-service | start-service.

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34
Q

Configure Display Resolution with Powershell (Server Core)

A

Set-DisplayResolution

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35
Q

Adjust the clock settings in powershell (server core)

A

timedate.cpl

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36
Q

Rename the computer with powershell (server core)

A

rename-computer

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37
Q

Adding a computer to a domain (server core)

A

add-computer

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38
Q

Define product key and activate the license (server core)

A

slmgr.vbs -ipk & slmgr.vbs -ato

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39
Q

Bring up text based menu (Server core) bring up to help find commands you forgot.

A

sconfig.cmd

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40
Q

Configure WSUS (Server Core)

A

cscript scregedit.wsf

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41
Q

Install Features and Roles

A
  • Get-WindowsFeature

- Install-WindowsFeature | Uninstall-WindowsFeature

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42
Q

Use your management desktop to manage that machine you are configuring (Server Core) Can be remoted from another location.

A

Enable-PSRemoting

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43
Q

Convert UI from server core to gui

A
  • Check if possible on existing server: Install-WindowsFeature server-gui-shell -whatif.
  • gain access to Windows ISO through powerhsell, and upack the ISO.
  • Look for install.wim
  • create a mount point: mkdir c:\mount
  • run> dism /get-wiminfo /winfile:x:\isos\unpacked\sources\install.wim
  • dism /mount-wim /wimfile:x:\isos\unpacked\sources\install.wim /index:2 /mountdir:c:\mount /readonly
  • install-windowsfeature server-gui-shell -source c:\mount\windows\winsxs -whatif
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44
Q

Convert GUI to server core (powershell) much easier process than vice versa.

A

Remove-WindowsFeature server-gui-shell, server-gui-mgmt-infra

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45
Q

Deploy Role or Feature on Remote servers (Powershell)

A

Install-WindowsFeature -Computername servercore1

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46
Q

Configure Remote management (Powershell)

A

configure-smremoting

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47
Q

Add and Remove Features in Offline Images

A
  • dism /image:c:\mount /enable-feature /featurename:dhcpserver
  • write the change to disk. :> dism /unmount-image /commit
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48
Q

Powershell Desired State Configuration

A

Allows you to create config docs for controlling how your servers are configured. Powershelldsc. Configure a document as to what a server aspires to become. Mechanism to control the items your interested in controlling.

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49
Q

Powershell DSC example

A

Configuration Server1
{
Node “server1” {

          WindowsFeature DNSServer {
                   Ensure = "Present"
                   Name = "DNS"
           }

    } } Server1
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50
Q

Execute the DSC (Powershell)

A

Start-DscConfiguration -wait -verbose -path .\server1

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51
Q

Test the DSC config (powershell)

A

Test-DscConfiguration

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52
Q

MBR

A

Master Boot Record. Uses a partition table in the first sector of the disk to describe the location of disk partitions. Supports disks up to 2TB. Four primary partitions or three primary plus one extended partition.

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53
Q

GPT

A

GUID Partition Table. Uses extensible firmware interface to store partition information with redundancy. Support disks larger than 2TB. Not all previous windows versions can recognize GPT disks.

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54
Q

Mark the selected partition as active

A

diskpart active

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55
Q

Add a mirror to a simple volume

A

diskpart add

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56
Q

assign a drive letter or mount point to the selected volume

A

diskpart assign

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57
Q

manipulate volume or disk attributes

A

diskpart attributes

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58
Q

attach a virtual disk file

A

diskpart attach

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59
Q

enable and disable automatic mounting of basic volumes

A

diskpart automount

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60
Q

break a mirror set

A

diskpart break

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61
Q

Clear the configuration information, or all information, off the disk

A

diskpart clean

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62
Q

attempts to reduce the physical size of the file

A

diskpart compact

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63
Q

convert between different disk formats

A

diskpart convert

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64
Q

create a volume, partition or virtual disk

A

diskpart create

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65
Q

Delete an object

A

diskpart delete

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66
Q

Provide details about an object

A

diskpart detail

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67
Q

detach a virtual disk file

A

diskpart detach

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68
Q

Exit diskpart

A

exit

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69
Q

Extend a volume

A

Diskpart extend

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70
Q

expands the maximum size available on a virtual disk.

A

diskpart expand

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71
Q

display current and supported file systems on the volume.

A

Diskpart filesystems

72
Q

Format the volume or partition.

A

diskpart format.

73
Q

assign attributes to the selected GPT partition.

A

diskpart GPT

74
Q

display a list of commands

75
Q

Import a disk group

A

diskpart import

76
Q

mark the selected partition as inactive

A

diskpart inactive

77
Q

Display a list of objects

A

diskpart List

78
Q

Merges a child disk with its parents

A

dispart Merge

79
Q

Online an object that is currently marked offline

A

diskpart online

80
Q

Offline an object that is currently marked as online.

A

dispart offline

81
Q

Refreshes the state of all disks in the selected pack. Attempts recovery on disks in the invalid pack, and resynchronizes mirrored volumes and RAID5 volumes that have stale plex or parity data.

A

diskpart Recover

82
Q

Does nothing. This is used to comment scripts.

A

diskpart REM

83
Q

Remove a drive letter or mount point assignment.

A

diskpart Remove

84
Q

Repair a RAID-5 volume with a failed member.

A

diskpart repair

85
Q

rescan the computer looking for diskss and volumes.

A

diskpart rescan

86
Q

place a retained partition under a simple volume.

A

diskpart retain

87
Q

display or set the SAN policy for the currently booted OS.

A

diskpart SAN

88
Q

Shift the focus to an object

A

diskpart select

89
Q

change the partition type

A

diskpart setID

90
Q

Reduce the size of the selected volume.

A

diskpart shrink

91
Q

Displays or sets the GUID partition table identifier or MBR signature of a disk

A

diskpart UNIQUEID

92
Q

Basic Volumes

A

In existence since MS-DOS. Still today a common configuration for disk volumes. Can be extended only to adjacent, contiguous, unallocated space on the same disk. Start here. Automatically created when intialized and brought online.

93
Q

Dynamic Volumes

A

Supports spanned, striped, mirrored and Raid-5 volumes. Supports an unlimited number of volumes. Spanned volumes can extend across multiple disks. Not always the best choice. Convert basic to dynamic disks.

94
Q

Simple Volume

A

See most commonly.

95
Q

Spanned volume

A

provide a mechanism for you to take contents from multiple disk to attach one next to the other to combine available storage. Total storage space in a single drive letter. Potential for a bad day. Loss of any disks will cause the loss of the entire volume. Not many of these in organizations.

96
Q

Mirrored Volume

A

takes 2 different disks and attaches them together to create multiple copies of the data on the disk. Gives you a single drive letter. 2 copies of the data is always available. Slower performance

97
Q

Striped Volume

A

Takes data and stripes the data across two or more disks. Faster performance. Don’t care at all about HA.

98
Q

Raid 5 volume

A

requires atleast 3 disks. Every 2 bits of data a 3rd bit of parity has to be calculated. Redundancy equivalent to mirror. Additional performance for reads, but cost for writes due to the parity bit have to being calculated.

99
Q

Create and Mount VHD

A

Disk MGMT/Action/Create and attach VHD.

  • VHDX is the updated format.
  • Dynamically expanding is the best recommendation.
  • File can become a disk the machine can use.
  • VHD provide you a way to encapsulate into a single disk that is mobile. Storage virtualization.
100
Q

Storage Spaces

A

Provides a way to consolidate storage into a storage pool. You can chop up the pool into individual virtual disks. Relies on the total disk space that exists.

101
Q

Configure a Storage pool

A
  • File & storage services/Disks.
  • Storage Pools/Primordial/Tasks/New Storage Pool.
  • -Choose disks/Then allocation (Such as Hotspare)/
  • Create Virtual disk out of storage pool.
    1. ) Storage Pools/Virtual Disks/Tasks/New Virtual disks/
    2. )Storage Layout. “Simple, Mirror, or Parity”.
    3. )Resiliency Settings. “two way mirror or three way mirror”
    4. ) Provisioning Type: Thin or Fixed. Never want to run out of disk with thin provisioning.
102
Q

SAS

A

HBAs to connect storage.

103
Q

Storage Pool by disk enclosure

A

storage spaces subsystem provides the ability to connect to JBOD devices using sas to connect to servers. Could be used for cluster storage. Connects to nodes via SAS. It Is shared storage and accessible in a HA way. Multiple methods of connections including multiple JBOD storage to multiple nodes making it HA. There are JBOD enclosures certified by Microsoft.

104
Q

JBOD

A

Just a bunch of disks. A collection of hard disks that have not been configured to act as a redundant array of independent disks. (RAID).

105
Q

JBOD

A

Just a bunch of disks. A collection of hard disks that have not been configured to act as a redundant array of independent disks. (RAID).

106
Q

Powershell Ping equivelant

A

test-connection -computername 192.168.0.0 -quiet -count 1

Test if a machine is online, output is true or false

107
Q

Powershell to get to control panel

108
Q

Configure Server Networking (Server Core)

109
Q

Configure Server Networking (Server Core)

110
Q

Find networking Commandlets

A

cd c:\
get-help *-net

or

get-command -module nettcpip

111
Q

Get IP addresses on Adapters (Powershell)

A

Get-NetIPAddress

or more defined to IPv4:
Get-NetIpAddress -AddressFamily IPv4

or get all properties:
Get-NetIpAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | Select-Object -Property *

112
Q

Get detailed help file (Powershell)

A

get-help get-NETIPaddress -Detailed

113
Q

Get network interface information (Powershell)

A

Get-NetIPInterface

114
Q

Check the IPv4 Protocol configuration (Powershell)

A

Get-NetIPv4Protocol

115
Q

Understand More of IP configuration (Powershell)

A

Get-NetIpConfiguration

or

Get-NetIpConfiguration | FL *

or for remote computer:

Get-NetIpConfiguration -ComputerName Servercore1

116
Q

Check the routing on your machine (Powershell)

A

(Windows Native) route print

or Powershell:

Get-NetRoute

117
Q

Find the network interface information (Win native)

A

netsh interface ipv4 show interface

118
Q

Add an IP to an existing network interface (Windows native)

A

netsh interface ipv4 add address “Ethernet0” 192.x.x.x. 255.255.255.0

119
Q

Find the network interface information (Powershell)

A

Get-NetIPInterface

120
Q

Add an IP to an existing network interface (Powershell)

A

Get-NetIPInterface -InterfaceIndex 12 -AddressFamily IPv4 | New-NetIPAddress -IPAddress 192.x.x.x. -PrefixLength 24

121
Q

Global Unicast IPv6

122
Q

APIPA Address (IPv6) Automatically obtained

123
Q

Loopback (IPv6)

A

::1

same as 127.0.0.1

124
Q

%12 (%) (IPv6)

A

Shows what interface the Ipv6 address is on.

125
Q

Powershell command to display only IPv6 Info

A

Get-NetIPAddress -AdressFamily IPv6

126
Q

Network Interoperability

A

ability to operate networks with both IPv4 and IPv6.

127
Q

ISATAP

A

Enables connectivity between IPv6/Ipv4 hosts across an intranet. ISATAP addresses are automatically configured. Address scheme: 64bit link-local, site-local, or Global Prefix. First 32 bit 0000:5efe (5efe is the identifier for ISATAP). Last 32 bit IPv4 address. Tunneling protocol to self address it’s self. I.E.” FE80::5efe:192.168.0.13 “ ISATAP addresses get tunneled over the IPv4 network.

128
Q

Internet Addressing 6to4 Addresses

A

Scheme for internet communication. Used to tunnel out to an intranet or a corporate internet outside your corporate walls. IPv4 is part but almost always in hexadecimal. All configured automatically. Can’t cross a NAT device. Public addresses to talk on internet.

129
Q

Teredo Addresses

A

Used for application that needs to be able to cross an IPv4 based Nat. Tunneling protocol that encapsulates IPv6 packets into an IPv4 UDP message. Allows tunneling of information between host across a nat device. It gets active when an app is installed that needs Teredo.

130
Q

Find ISATAP address IPv6 (Powershell)

A

> Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv6

Look for 5efe and IPv4 integration

131
Q

Find ISATAP cmdlets

A

get-help ISATAP

132
Q

Configure Interoperability between Ipv4 and Ipv6 addresses using Group Policy

A

GPM/Domain Policy/Edit/Computer Configuration/Policies/Administrative Templates/Network/TCPIPSettings/Transition technologies

133
Q

Enable DHCP Server with DISM

A

Dism /online /enable-feature /featurename:DHCPServer

134
Q

Enable DHCP Server with Powershell

A

install-windowsfeature DHCP -IncludeManagementTools

135
Q

Check if DHCP Service is running with Powershell

A

get-service -name dhcp

136
Q

Add New DHCP Scope with powershell

A

Add-DHCPServerv4Scope -StartRanger 192.168.3.10 -EndRange 192.168.3.20 -subnetmask 255.255.255.0

(Then Name the scope)

137
Q

Configure Default Gateway for DHCP Server Side

A

Scope Options/Add 003 router/choose appropriate IP.

138
Q

Configure DNS Server for DHCP Server Side

A

Scope Options/Add 006 DNS servers/Choose appropriate IP that links to DNS.

139
Q

Add WINS Server for netbios resolution DHCP Server side

A

Scope options/044 WINS/NBNS Servers/ type in WINS address. Add 046 WINS/NBT Node type / HNode 0x8

140
Q

Configure PXE boot through DHCP

A

Scope options/066 Boot Server Host Name/Enter string value or IP address of WDDS server (image deployment)
Then
/067 Bootfile Name (Image you want to launch when client connects to WDDS server)

141
Q

Manage authorized DHCP servers

A

Right click on DHCP within DHCP window/Manage Authorized Servers/Specify trusted servers.

142
Q

Setup a DHCP Relay Agent

A

Add roles and features/Remote Access/Routing.

Tools/Routing and Remote Access/Server/IPv4 right click on general/select DHCP Relay Agent/

Right click on Relay agent to listen on Ethernet0. Specify Agent properties and the DHCP that is on the other network.

143
Q

DNS

A

Provides name resolution. Replacement for the host file. Answer what they know. Can ask other DNS servers for help. Can remember previous requests.

144
Q

Enable DNS with DISM

A

DISM /online /enable-feature:DNS-Server-Full-Role

145
Q

Enable DNS with powershell

A

install-windowsfeature DNS -IncludeManagementTools

146
Q

Shortcut for DNS management

147
Q

SRV Records

A

Help find domain controllers, global catalog servers, to do authentication and authorization.

148
Q

DNS Active Directory Integrated

A

The zone is going to be stored in an application partition in AD. The benefit is on DC’s that have DNS, it gets that zone information. It acts like fault tolerance. All A records are stored in AD, and get’s replicated to other DCs. You can choose which DCs to replicate it to.

149
Q

DNS Dynamic updates

A

Clients that have authenticated can update their DNS records. Client get’s IP changed by DHCP or statically. The client updates the DNS record automatically.

150
Q

Zone file

A

Normal way to create a zone without AD integration. Stores the zone in Windows\System32\dns in a txt file. Not much fault tolerance.

151
Q

Primary Zones

A

master copy. Read/writable copies of the zones.

152
Q

Secondary zone

A

Created as secondary zone for a primary zone or in other words a copy. Create new zone, select Secondary zone. Can’t be integrated with AD. Type in IP address or Name of the DNS server that has the master copy of the zone. Ensure zone transfers on the master copy server has the secondary server added to the server list. Right click and transfer from master to force the primary zone transfer.

153
Q

Stub Zone

A

creates a glue record and points to another DNS server but doesn’t bring across all of the other records. Can be AD integrated.

154
Q

DNS Forwarders

A

Forward a request to a different DNS server to do it faster. Any DNS especially on the external. You can send the request and see if that bigger DNS server can find out.

155
Q

Create a dns forwarders

A

right click on DC\Forwarders tab\Add a forwarder address such as 4.2.2.2 or 8.8.8.8.

156
Q

Root Hints

A

Root level servers hand the requests down in order to find a DNS server with an answer. Root level servers. DNS cache file holds all of the root level servers, down to TLD servers, down to subdomain servers.

157
Q

Configure Root hints

A

right click on DC\RootHints Tab. Open cache.DNS to get a updated list of root servers. \Windows\System 32.

158
Q

See DNS events

A

Global logs\DNS Events

159
Q

Host Records

A

A Records.

160
Q

IPv6 Host Records

A

AAAA Records.

161
Q

CNAME

A

Alias that points to something that already exists. Canonical Name record. Requires an existing A record to point to. Gives a friendly name.

162
Q

MX Record

A

mail exchange record. Directs the mail into your messaging environment. Displays what server you have that can accept emails. Give a mail server priority.

163
Q

PTR Record

A

Gets created when you create an A record. Stores ptr records in reverse look up zone. Reverse lookup record.

164
Q

Configure WinRM

A

Windows Remote Management. Already turned on and ready to go on server 2012 R2. Web Services http/https . Using default TCP port 5985. Configure the WinRM service start to Automatic. Create a WS-Man listener on TCP 5985. Create firewall exception. Command: Winrm quickconfig. Powershell:Enable-PSRemoting

165
Q

Configure WinRM with Powershell

A

winrm quickconfig

166
Q

(WinRS) Windows Remote Shell via Powershell

A

Allows you to run remote commands.

winrs -r:hostname ipconfig /all

167
Q

PSSession with Powershell

A

Enter-Pssession -computerName hostname.

You can invoke commands remotely through Powershell

168
Q

Enable remoting on client with Powershell

A

enable-PSRemoting. Use GPO to enable remoting scaling accross the enterprise.

169
Q

Configure Down-Level Server management

A

For Win 7 and 2008 R2 and up. Install Windows Management Framework 4 or WMF4. Check release notes. For XP/2003 - WMF2.0.

170
Q

Configure Server for Day-to-day management tasks

A

Install Remote Server Administration tools (RSAT) on your client. Add servers to Server manager. Use the MMC.

171
Q

Configure Multi-Server management

A

Configure Server manager to allow management on other servers. Add servers to server manager. Group servers. RDP is no longer best practice.

172
Q

Run command on multiple servers at once with powershell

A

invoke-command -computername dc, file1, print1 {Get-Service -name bits}

173
Q

Configure Server Core

A

Use sconfig. Or enable winrm to add a server core server is added to a server manager for management with the server manager tools.

174
Q

Configure Windows firewall through powershell and netsh

A

> netsh advfirewall firewall set rule group=”Remote administration” new enable=yes

175
Q

Configure Windows Firewall with Powershell sort through rules

A

Sort specific rules i.e.: >get-netfirewallrule | select-object -property name, displayname | where {$_.displayname -like “remote”}

176
Q

Enable a firewall rule with powershell

A

> Get-NetFirewallRule -name WinRM-HTTP-In-TCP | Set-netFirewallRule -enabled:true

MCSA - Windows server 2012 R2 (6 decks)

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