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CBG Replication,transcription translation > 7-translation > Flashcards

7-translation Flashcards

1
Q

Where does ribosome bind to in prokaryotes?

A

Shine Dalgarno sequences

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2
Q

Where does SSU of ribosome bind in eukaryotes?

A

5’cap

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3
Q

What is the difference between the 5’ cap and Kozac sequence?

A

the 5’ cap is the ribosomal binding site whereas the Kozac sequence is recognised by the ribosome as translational start site

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4
Q

what is a ribosome and what activity does it have?

A

a ribonucleoprotein with ribozymal activity

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5
Q

what is the difference between the tRNA in prokayotes and eukaryotes?

A

in eukaryotes it is tRNA methionine whereas in prokaryotes it is tRNA formylmethionine

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6
Q

what kind of activity takes place at ribosome?

A

peptidyl transferase activity

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7
Q

what to prokaryote IF 1 and 3 do?

A

stop LSU binding before initiation is complete

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8
Q

what does prokaryotic IF2 do?

A

bring tRNA formylmet to initiation complex

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9
Q

what doe eIF1 do?

A

blocks A site

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10
Q

what does eIF2 do?

A

brings tRNA to P site

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11
Q

what does eIF3 do?

A

stops LSU binding before initiation is complete

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12
Q

what occupies P site?

A

tRNA

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13
Q

What is GTP needed for?

A

the transfer of peptidyl on P site tRNA to A site tRNA aminocyl

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14
Q

what is bound to GTP?

A

eIF2

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15
Q

what does peptidyl transferase help form?

A

a peptide bond between the 2 amino acids

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16
Q

what does tRNA deacylase do?

A

breaks bond berween methionine and it tRNA

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17
Q

what does EF1 do?

A

helps entry of tRNA to A site

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18
Q

what does EF2 do?

A

translocates ribosome (shunts it along)

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19
Q

what happens in the LSU?

A

catalysis of peptide bond formation

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20
Q

what happens when termination codon enters a site?

A

termination

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21
Q

how many sites are there and what are they in ribosomes?

A

3: E,P,A

22
Q

how many release factors are there in e.coli?

A

3 RF:1,2,3

23
Q

what do release factors cause?

A

termination

24
Q

how many release factors do eukaryotes have?

A

1 (eRF)

25
Q

What are release factors?

A

tRNA peptidyl hydrolases

26
Q

what happens at termination to the ribosome and mRNA?

A

ribosome dissociates and the mRNA is released.

27
Q

what is cystic fibrosis due to?

A

misfolding of transmembrane regulator

28
Q

what disease is caused by the misfolding of fibrillin?

A

Marfan syndrome

29
Q

what disease is caused by a change to a prion protein and what change is it?

A

Creutzfeld Jakob disease caused by prion extra-cellular aggreggation

30
Q

Why is extra cellular aggregation of beta amyloid bad?

A

causes alzheimers disease

31
Q

what happens at barrel of GRoel/GroES chaperon?

A

folding aided (Heat shock protein)

32
Q

where does folding take place in chaperones?

A

in barrel of GroEL/GroEs

33
Q

what is the 5’ ubiquitin tail added to in degradation of proteins process?

A

lysine of waste protein

34
Q

outline the steps of protein degradation (3)

A

5’ ubiquitin tail added to lysin of waste protein. regulatory subunit recognises this and protein is deubiquinated and unfolded. Finally proteolytic enzymes degrade the protein

35
Q

What 2 things do regulatory subunits do in protein degradation?

A

de ubiquinate 5’ubiquitin tail and unfold waste protein

36
Q

what is protein folding primarily determined by?

A

primary structure

37
Q

what does EIF4 do?

A

untangles mRNA

38
Q

what do we mean by the genetic code is degenerate?

A

more than one codon codes for same amino acid

39
Q

how many tRNAs are there in comparison to possible codons?

A

around 40 tRNAs but 64 codons

40
Q

what does wobble mean and 3’ base degeneracy mean?

A

tRNAs can recognise more that one codon as anticodon can bind to alternative bases at 3rd position. This decreases amount of tRNAs required.

41
Q

What can inosine base pair with?

A

C,A,U

42
Q

what is inosine?

A

deaminated form of guanine

43
Q

what can g pase pair with when it is at 3rd position in anticodon?

A

U and C

44
Q

why can variation of anticodon be tolerated (wobble) ?

A

anticodon loop is not linear and when anticodon binds to codon does not form a perfect RNA double helix.

45
Q

what does polycistronic mean?

A

a single mRNA encoding several different polypeptide chains

46
Q

do eukaryotes have polycistronic mRNA?

A

No they have monocistronic

47
Q

what are isoacceptors?

A

tRNAs that bind the same amino acid

48
Q

what is aminoacy-tRNA? and what does it deliver to the ribosome?

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA is tRNA to which its cognated amino acid is chemically bonded. The aa-tRNA with elongation factors, deliver the amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into the polypeptide chain.

49
Q

what processes need GTP?

A

ribosome movement and binding of accessory factors

50
Q

what processes need ATP?

A

charging of tRNAs and removal of secondary structure from mRNA

CBG Replication,transcription translation (10 decks)

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