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MD3002 Week 8 > 7. Testis, epididymis, spermatic cord > Flashcards

7. Testis, epididymis, spermatic cord Flashcards

1
Q

What is the processus and tunica vaginalis?

A

When the testis migrates from the post abdominal wall into the scrotum, though the anterior abdominal wall….

The testis takes with it the vas deferens, the testicular vessels and a peritoneal pouch – the Processus Vaginalis which (after birth) should lie as a closed potential space around the testis - the Tunica Vaginalis

Processus vaginalis= Loop of peritoneum the testes takes with it (tunica vaginalis is the remnant)

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2
Q

Role of gubernaculum during testes movement?

A

Shrinks to draw the testis down the posterior abdominal wall (outside the peritoneum) to the inguinal canal, then through the canal during the 8th and 9th months, so the testis should be in the scrotum by birth

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3
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Failure of complete descent

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4
Q

Result of processus vaginalis staying open?

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

Hydrocele

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5
Q

What are the 3 layers of muscles pushed through by the testes?

A

TRANSVERSIS ABDOMINIS and INTERNAL OBLIQUE fused as the conjoint tendon.
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE forms inguinal ligament and superficial ring.

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6
Q

Contents of inguinal canal?

A

Spermatic cord in male/ Round ligament in females
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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7
Q

What forms the internal spermatic fascia?

A

Transversalis fascia

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8
Q

What forms the cremasteric fascia and muscle?

A

Transversus abdominus and internal oblique

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9
Q

What forms the external spermatic fascia?

A

External oblique

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10
Q

Coverings of the spermatic cord (int to ext)

A 
Vestige of processus vaginalis
Internal spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
Cresmasteric muscle 
External spermatic fascia
Dartos muscle/fascia
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11
Q

Scrotum and coverings of testis (int to ext)?

A 
Tunica vaginalis
Internal spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
Cresmasteric muscle 
External spermatic fascia
Subcutaneious tisses (dartos fascia) and dartos muscle 
Skin
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12
Q

Layers of anterior abdominal wall (int to ext)?

A 
Peritonium
Transversalis fascia
Transversalis abdominus 
Fascia of both superficial and deep surfaces of the internal oblique muscle
Internal oblique muscle
External oblique muscle and fascia
Subcutaneous tissue
Skin
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13
Q

Spermatic cord contents?

A

3 Arteries (with accompanying veins or venous plexuses)

  • Testicular artery and pampiniform plexus
  • Artery to vas
  • Cremasteric artery (from inferior epigastric)

3 Tubes

  • Vas deferens
  • Lymph from testis (to para-aortic nodes)
  • Processus vaginalis (obliterated tube)

3 Nerves

  • Genital branch of genitofemoral
  • Sympathetic (efferent and afferent to testis)
  • Ilio-inguinal (supply to the medial thigh)
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14
Q

What nerve supplies cremaster muscle?

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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15
Q

What is L1 cremaster reflex?

A

Ipsilateral testicular retraction on stroking upper, medial thigh

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16
Q

Referred pain from testis?

A

As the sympathetic efferents and afferents that supply the testes are derived form the LESSER SPLANCHNIC NERVE (T10 and T11)
–> Peri-umbilical region

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17
Q

Outer structural features of the scrotum?

A

Rugose skin
No fat
Contains dartos muscles
Has midline raphe and is divided by septum

18
Q

What is dartos fascia a combination of?

A

Colles perineal fascia (continuous with Scarpa’s) and Dartos muscle

19
Q

2 layers of abdominal superficial fascia?

A

Sits under skin
Camper’s fascia (sup, fatty)
Scarpa’s fascia (deep, memnbranous)
Muscle under (EO, IO, TA)

20
Q

Changes to the scarpa’s fascia as it descends from abdomen…

A

Extends into the penis and scrotum as Colle’s/perineal fascia)
then fuses with fascia lata of the thigh below the inguinal ligament and the perineal body

21
Q

Nervous division of the scrotum?

A

Anterior 1/3: Ilioinguinal and genitofemoral

Posterior 2/3: S2 and S3 via scrotal branches of the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve

22
Q

Blood supply to scrotum?

A

Anteriorly: Deep and superficial external pudendal branches of the femoral artery
Posteriorly: Branches of the internal pudendal branch of the internal iliac posteriorly

23
Q

Scrotum venous drainage?

A

Anteriorly: Deep and superficial external pudendal veins to the great saphenous vein
Posteriorly: internal pudendal veins

24
Q

Scotrum lymph drainage?

A

To superficial inguinal nodes

25
Q

What creates sperm?

A

Seminiferous tubules

26
Q

Which cells produce testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

27
Q

Passage of sperm from tubules to epididymis?

A

Sperm pass from the tubules, to the rete testis in its mediastinum, then via efferent ductules to the epididymis

28
Q

Structural features of epididymis?

A

Head, body and tail becoming vas.

29
Q

What maintains internal pressure of the tunica albuginea?

A

Tough capsule of scrotum which helps to transport the sperm

30
Q

Causes of scrotum pain:

A

Appendix testis (hydatid of Morgagni) and prostatic utricle are remnants of paramesonephric ducts

Appendix epididymis, mesonephric duct remnat

Testis torsion

31
Q

Coats/tunics of testis?

A
  1. Vaginalis with visceral and parietal layers, a potential space for movement of testis (hydrocele); sinus of epididymis.
  2. Albuginea, tough, fibrous (internal pressure to help sperm transport); forms mediastinum and septae.
  3. Vasculosa with branches of the testicular vessels
32
Q

Nervous supply of the testis?

A

Sympathetic T 10, 11

Referred pain is peri-umbilical

33
Q

Blood supply of the testis?

A

Testicular artery from L2
(plus anastomosis with cremasteric artery and artery to vas)

Testicular vein starts as a pampiniform plexus varicocele which coalesces in the inguinal canal to form the testicular veins.
Left drains to left renal vein
Right to IVC

34
Q

Lymph drainage of testis?

A

Para-aortic nodes

35
Q

What is the vas deferens?

A

Thick-walled, cord-like tube that carries sperm from the testis and epididymis

36
Q

Position and role of seminal vesicles?

A

Lie just above the prostate gland, sandwiched between the bladder and rectum
Secrete seminal fluid to nourish sperm

37
Q

Formation of ejaculatory duct?

A

The dilated, ampullary end of the vas unites with the duct from the seminal vesicle to form the Ejaculatory Duct that passes through the prostate to enter the urethra.

38
Q

3 parts of male urethra?

A

Prostatic (internal sphincter); membranous (external sphincter); spongy (bulbar and penile) parts.

39
Q

two structures which prevent compression of male urethra?

A

Bulbo-urethral (mucous glands)

Corpus spongiosum

40
Q

How is back flow of semen prevented?

A

Internal sphincter contracts of urethra

41
Q

Dartos fascia is combination of…

A
  1. Dartos muscle (camper’s)

2. Colles’ (scarpas) membraneous perineal fascia

MD3002 Week 8 (13 decks)

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