7. Pollution and it’s Management Flashcards
Defined as anthropogenic, undesired change in water, air, or soil through addition of material or energy
pollution
are often byproducts of essential activities e.g. provision of energy, crop production, manufacturing, air conditioning
pollutant
is considered one of the most eutrophic bodies of water in the country
Manila Bay
measure of water quality
dissolved oxygen
the higher the dissolved oxygen _____
the better the quality
is often composed of 99.9% water and 0.1% pollutants
sewage/ waste water
Sewage is often composed of ___% water and ___% pollutants
99.9% ; 0.1%
facility that is composed of stages where water must go through in order
wastewater treatment facility
first step in a wastewater treatment facility
removal of large materials
last step in a wastewater treatment facility
removal of nutrient chemicals
“the result of excessive enrichment of water with nutrients which
may cause an increase in the accelerated growth of algae
(phytoplankton) in the water column and higher forms of plants living
on the bottom of the sea”
Eutrophication
when wastewater is dumped into bodies of water without nutrient,
it would create a nutrient rich runoff
common sources of nutrients are
industrial and agricultural runoff
[7] methods to prevent eutrophication
-chemical treatments
-aeration
-banning of phosphate detergents
-advanced sewage treatment
-control of urban runoff
-control of sediments (sediment traps in construction and mining)
process where excess silt is removed from the bottom of the bay
Dredging
chemicals are considered hazardous if it as the following characteristics:
-ignitability
-corrosivity
-reactivity
-toxicity
substances that easily catch fire
ignitability
unstable substances, forms fumes and may explode
reactivity
detrimental to health when ingested or inhaled
toxicity
the accumulation by organisms, of hazardous metals and non biodegradable synthetic organics over time until it reaches toxic levels
bioaccumulation
the accumulation of hazardous chemicals increases further along the food chain
biomagnification
methods of disposing hazardous chemicals:
-landfill
-deepwell injection
-surface impoundment
considered one of the greatest oil spill disaster in the coutnry
Guimaras Oil Spill
an increased _____ was found in sea shells [guimaras oil spill]
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
common air pollutants:
-suspended particulate matter
-volatile organic compounds
-carbon monoxide
-nitrgoen oxides
-air toxins and radon
[air pollutant] solid particles and aerosols like dust, smoke, haze
suspended particulate matter
[pollutant] substances which evaporate like gasoline, paint solvents, organic cleaning solutions
volatile organic compounds
[pollutant] poisonous to living organisms as it competes with oxygen in the blood
carbon monoxide
[pollutant] converted into nitric acid in the atmosphere, produces acid rain
nitrogen oxides
[pollutant] carcinogenic materials, radioactive materials, asbestos
air toxins and radon
what are the top three sources of air pollution?
- small non-road sources & machinery
- manufacturing industry & construction
- industrial pocesses
5 layers of the atmosphere:
- Troposhere
- Stratosphere
- Ozone layer
- Mesosphere
- Ionosphere
[layers of the atmosphere] the most significant, in terms of pollution mechanism, are the
troposhere & stratosphere
[layer of the atmosphere] has mixing and is where clouds and water vapor are contained
troposphere
[layer of the atmosphere] has no mixing and has high temperature due to the ozone layer
stratosphere
What happens to air pollutants that dissipates into the troposhere?
Air pollutants that reach the troposphere return to eath surface through rain.
What happens to air pollutants that eventually reach the stratosphere?
Air pollutats that reach the stratosphere stay there forever.
Annual average of pollutants in Manila is at
17 ug/m3
Annual average of pollutants in Manila is ____% more than the recommended safe level.
70%
defined as the total of all materials wasted from domestiv and commercial establishments, also called garbage/trash/refuse
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
Majority of our MSW are ___
biodegradables
Disposing of MSW
- lanfdill
- combustion
provides the legal framework for the country’s systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure protection of public health and the environment
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act also provides the necessary institutional mechanisms with the creation of the __________ which shall oversee the implementation
National Solid Waste Management Commission
is a process that can happen in a water body when too many nutrients are added to the system
Eutrophication
Eutrophication starts with ___
fertilizers
____ are food for algae
Nutriens
water without oxygen is called
anoxic
If the water turns anoxic, all non-bacterial life in the water, including fish and other animals
will die
process of Eutrophication
- nutrients are added to water
- causing an algal bloom
- cutting off sunlight and feeding bacteria
- the bacteria use up oxygen in the water, which becomes anoxic
-causing every living thing in the water to die
