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3c. OCTA 215 FINAL EXAM > 7 OT AND MENTAL HEALTH > Flashcards

7 OT AND MENTAL HEALTH Flashcards

1
Q

MENTALLY HEALTHY PERSON

A

Can manage daily affairs despite stresses of the real external world.
Able to respond constructively and creatively to real life’s changing demands and opportunities.

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2
Q

PERSON WITH MENTAL ILLNESS EXPERIENCES

A

Problems in thinking.
Emotional discomfort.
Disability.
Risk.

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3
Q

MENTAL HEALTH VS MENTAL ILLNESS

A

Mental Health: state of well-being.
Mental Illness: clinical disturbance in mental function.

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4
Q

RELATION OF OCCUPATION TO MENTAL HEALTH

A

Motivation affected.
Reasons to not something you’re motivated to do.

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5
Q

MORAL TREATMENT ERA

A

Motivated the patients, more healthy mental state.

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6
Q

THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP

A

The therapeutic use of self is being aware of oneself and the patient and controlling what one communicates.

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7
Q

THERAPEUTIC QUALITIES (8)

A

Empathy.
Sensitivity.
Respect.
Warmth.
Genuineness.
Self-disclosure.
Specificity.
Immediacy.

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8
Q

EMPATHY

A

Understanding how someone else feels.

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9
Q

SENSITIVITY

A

Being attuned to the patient’s needs and awareness of your effect on him or her.

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10
Q

RESPECT

A

Seeing things from patient’s point of view.

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11
Q

WARMTH

A

Being friendly, interested, and enthusiastic.

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12
Q

GEUINENESS

A

Being oneself openly.

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13
Q

SELF-DISCLOSURE

A

Revealing things about oneself.

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14
Q

SPECIFITY

A

Being able to state things simply, directly, concretely, and focusing only on what is relevant.

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15
Q

IMMEDIACY

A

Giving feedback immediately.

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16
Q

TECHNIQUES FOR RELATING TO PATIENTS

A

Make first contact brief.

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17
Q

TRANSFERENCE

A

When a patient unconsciously relates to the therapist as if he/she were another person of importance in the patient’s life.

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18
Q

COUNTERTRANSFERENCE

A

When the therapist unconsciously assumes the role transferred onto him or her.

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19
Q

DEPENDENCE (3 TYPES)

A

Detrimental: excessive dependence on the therapist.

Constructive: dependent on therapist only for things the patient truly cannot manage.

Self: can become problematic if patients overestimate their abilities to be self-reliant.

20
Q

HELPLESSNESS, ANGER, OR DEPRESSION

A

Can happen in work and with patients.
Share feelings with more experienced staff.
Go to therapy.
Set goals that are proper for them.

21
Q

SEXUAL FEELINGS

A

Do not enter into a sexual or emotional relationship with a patient.
Remind patients that a sexual relationship is inappropriate.

22
Q

FEAR AND REVULSION

A

Fear of interactions with the mentally ill.
Not wanting to be in the situation.

23
Q

ETHICS

A

A set of principles that guide the practice of a profession.
Contains rules and guidelines about what is considered proper conduct for the professional.

24
Q

PATIENT-CENTERED FOCUS

A

Place the patient’s interests above your own.

25
Q

GOAL-ORIENTED TREATMENT

A

Direct your energies toward accomplishing the treatment goals.

26
Q

PATIENTS RIGHTS

A

Respect the patient’s rights, including the right to refuse treatment.

27
Q

CONFIDENTIALITY

A

Respect the confidentiality of the therapeutic relationship.

28
Q

PATIENT WELFARE

A

Safeguard the welfare of patients under your care.

29
Q

CONTINUING EDUCATION

A

Maintain your own competence to provide occupational therapy.

30
Q

STANDARD OF CARE

A

Protect the patient from negligence, abuse, and substandard care.

31
Q

ENDING THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP

A

Make time to acknowledge the end of the relationship.
Ask patients to explore feelings associated with ending the relationship.

32
Q

SYMPTOMS

A

Expressing unmet needs or conflicts.
Symptoms are not the disease.
Response to events.
Personality and personal experiences.
Individual strengths.

33
Q

RESPONSE VARIABLES

A

Self: OTA’s own personality, the way he or she talks to an acts toward the persons in his or her care.

Environment: surroundings, which may include the physical space, as well as occupants of the space.

Activity: the thing you and the patient are doing together, such as clay modelling, journaling, resume building, or grocery shopping.

34
Q

RESPONSE STRATEGIES: ANXIETY

A

A state of tension or uneasiness caused by conflicts that the ego is unable to resolve.

  1. Strategies for Use of Self:
    Encourage clients to express themselves.
    Avoid being drawn into extended discussions of physical symptoms.
    Redirect to the activity.
    Provide alternative activities.
  2. Strategy for Modifying the Environment:
    Calm, quiet, and comforting is best.
    Orient the client to the occupational therapy area and schedule for activities.
  3. Strategy for Selecting Activities:
    Client-directed and relaxing.
    Projects that can be picked up and put down often are ideal.
    Exercise, relaxation techniques, and social engagement are also useful.
35
Q

RESPONSE STRATEGIES: DEPRESSION

A

Feeling of intense sadness, despair, and hopelessness.

  1. Strategies for Therapeutic Use of Self:
    Allow client to talk about their feelings and reasons for the feelings.
    Help select short-term goals and activities.
    Match the tempo of the client.
    If suspect suicide, OTA must notify medical staff.
  2. Strategy for Modifying the Environment:
    Safe and subdued.
    Minimal stimulation for the severely depressed
    Some clients cannot tolerate others, such as in group therapy situations
    Present choices whenever possible
  3. Strategy for Selecting Activities:
    Simple, short-term, familiar tasks.
    At first, activities at which the person is guaranteed to succeed.
    Gross motor activities to release tension.
    Stress management techniques.
    Psychoeducation about the illness.
36
Q

RESPONSE STRATEGIES: MANIA

A

A disturbance of mood is characterized by excessive happiness (euphoria), generosity (expansiveness), irritability, distractibility, impulsivity, and increased activity level.

  1. Strategy for Therapeutic Use of Self:
    Be calm, matter-of-fact, and consistent.
    Guide the client to focus on one task at a time.
    Maintain leadership.
  2. Strategy for Modifying the Environment:
    Eliminate or reduce distractions. (tools not needed for a project, room décor, music)
  3. Strategy for Selecting Activities
    Short-term activities that allow the person to get up and move around.
    Provide immediate gratification.
    Carryover of skills from one day to another.
37
Q

RESPONSE STRATEGIES: HALLUCINATIONS

A

Sensory experience that does not correspond to external reality.

  1. Strategy for Therapeutic Use of Self
    Discuss external reality calmly, firmly, and rhythmically.
    Avoid sarcasm.
    Refrain from arguing with the patient about reality.
    Identify and define confusing external stimuli.
    Increase or decrease stimuli, whichever is helpful.
  2. Strategy for Modifying the Environment.
    Calm and quiet, but not isolated.
  3. Strategy for Selecting Activities:
    Simple tasks requiring cooperation with trusted others.
    Tasks involving sensory experiences.
38
Q

RESPONSE STRATEGIES: DELUSIONS

A

A belief that is contrary to reality as experienced by others in one’s cultural group.

  1. Strategies for Therapeutic Use of Self:
    Redirect discussion of delusions to focus on activities.
    Relate to the client as an intelligent adult.
  2. Strategy for Modifying the Environment:
    Stimulating.
    Opportunities to engage on many levels and get involved in real-life activities.
  3. Strategies for Selecting Activities:
    Suited to intellectual level.
    Appropriate to a person’s occupational roles and reflect interests.
    Do not choose activities that may inadvertently reinforce the delusions.
39
Q

RESPONSE STRATEGIES: PARANOIA

A

Thinking predominated by grandiose and persecutory ideas.

  1. Strategy for Therapeutic Use of Self:
    Avoid approaching from behind or in a manner that might be perceived as threatening.
    Don’t whisper.
    Be clear, consistent, directive, and unambiguous.
    If patient seeks out a special relationship, encourage this trust by giving him/her special activities and tasks related to a group activity.
  2. Strategy for Modifying the Environment:
    Keep it stable and reliable.
    Encourage association with others, when client is ready to do so.
  3. Strategy for Selecting Activities:
    Materials that can be controlled.
    Intellectually appropriate and sufficiently complex.
40
Q

RESPONSE STRATEGIES: ANGER/HOSTILITY/AGGRESSION

A

Anger: a strong feeling of displeasure.
Hostility: an unfriendly and threatening attitude directed toward other people.
Aggression: an attack on a person or object.

  1. Strategy For Therapeutic Use of Self:
    Be aware of client’s nonverbal cues.
    Help client use words rather than stance or actions to express emotion.
    Be direct and clear about what is expected.
  2. Strategy for Modifying the Environment:
    Isolate them from others who irritate them.
    Stand 4 or 5 feet away and to the side when speaking to the client.
    Do not touch the client.
    Do not allow patient to come between you and an exit.
    Be aware of items that could be used as a weapon.
  3. Strategy For Selecting Activities:
    Expressive arts.
    Activities requiring repetitive motions.
    Assertiveness training.
    Relaxation and stress management techniques
    hat could be used as a weapon.
41
Q

RESPONSE STRATEGIES: SEDUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND ACTING OUT

A

Any behavior that would normally be seen as explicitly sexual or as provoking a sexual response from others.

  1. Strategies for Therapeutic Use of Self:
    Firmly and calmly inform client that his/her behavior is inappropriate.
    Halt activities if the behavior continues.
    Do not allow patients to entertain the idea of a sexual relationship with you or any staff member.
    Inform staff and document all sexually preoccupied behavior and remarks.
  2. Strategy for Modifying the Environment:
    Avoid crowded situations in which physical contact is unavoidable.
    Allow personal space.
  3. Strategies for Selecting Activities:
    Gross motor activities.
    Masturbation in private may also be suggested.
42
Q

RESPONSE STRATEGIES: WANDERING/SUNDOWING/ARGUING

A

Wandering: from the home or facility may be related to wanting to return home or to childhood home.

Sundowning: refers to a cluster of behaviors (drowsiness, disorientation, confusion, and aggression) that occur in the late afternoon.

Argumentative behavior: may be a response to anything that is perceived as a threat or to the perception that one is not being permitted to do what one wants.

  1. Strategy for Therapeutic Use of Self:
    Use empathy, simplicity, and positive physical approach.
    Approach the person within his or her own field of vision.
    Speak slowly and use simple language.
    Redirect attention when client seems ready.
  2. Strategy for Modifying the Environment:
    Use calm movements.
    Remove objects that could be cueing the undesired behavior until client seems calmer.
  3. Strategy for Selecting Activities:
    Positive or functional.
    Within the person’s range of abilities.
    Familiar or of interest.
    Co-occupation versus solitary.
43
Q

RESPONSE STRATEGIES: CONFUSION AND IMPAIRED MEMORY

A

An impairment or defect in one or more of the mental functions needed for thinking: orientation, alertness, concentration, memory, comprehension, judgment, problem solving.

  1. Strategy for Therapeutic Use of Self:
    There is no set rule for how to approach the client, because level of function differs.
    Remind patients frequently of where they are and who you are.
    Match your tempo to what he person seems able to handle.
    Never punish a client for making a mistake or showing bad judgment due to impaired cognitive ability.
  2. Strategy for Modifying the Environment:
    Control the environment to maximize safety.
    Use the environment to cue desired behavior.
    Avoid environmental cues that may trigger undesirable behavior.
    Keep the environment the same from day to day.
  3. Strategy for Selecting Activities:
    Consider the prognosis:
    cognitive impairment is transitory
    cognitive impairment is permanent but stable
    cognitive impairment is permanent and progressive.
    Avoid unfamiliar and complex activities.
44
Q

SELF-MONITORING FOR SELF-MASTERY OF SYMPTOMS

A

Daily maintenance list of routines and activities.
List of personal triggers.
List of personal early warning signs along with appropriate responses.
List of ways to recognize when symptoms worsen, as well as strategies to respond to this.
A crisis plan or advance directive.

45
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY’S DOMAIN OF CONCERN

A

Occupational therapy differs from other occupations that focus on emotion regulation, self-management, and communication and interaction:
concerned primarily with how people function in their daily life activities and occupations.
focus is on “doing.”
group therapy is more common than individual therapy.

46
Q

MINDFULNESS

A

Focus is on the here and now.
Useful for occupational therapy practitioners to teach client to become and remain present in the performance of task.

47
Q

EMOTIONAL REGULATION INTERVENTION PROGRAMS

A

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: OT practitioner may reinforce learning from individual and group psychotherapy sessions and apply CBT techniques in occupational engagement.

Zones of Regulation: useful for children with ADHD and ASD who connect with concrete visual representation of states of feeling and alertness.

Sensory Integration and Sensory Processing: believed to assist in emotional regulation through effects on the neurophysiological mechanisms of arousal.

3c. OCTA 215 FINAL EXAM (2 decks)

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