7 Organic Seperate 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are alkenes

A

A different type of hydrocarbon which is more reactive than an alkane

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2
Q

What are alkenes used for?

A

As a starting material to make more useful chemicals

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3
Q

How do you test for an alkene?

A

React it with bromine water

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4
Q

What is the colour change when an alkene reacts with bromine water?

A

Turns from orange to colourless

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5
Q

What is an alkene?

A

A hydrocarbon with a double bond

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6
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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7
Q

What does unsaturated means?

A

Contains double bonds (which could become C-H bonds)

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8
Q

What are the first four alkenes?

A

Ethene, propene, butene, pentene

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9
Q

What are the four reactions of alkenes?

A

Combustion, with water, with hydrogen and with halogens

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10
Q

How is the combustion of alkenes different to combustion of alkanes?

A

Alkenes usually react by incomplete combustion so burn with smoky flames

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11
Q

Why are the reactions of alkenes with hydrogen, water and halogens known as “addition” reactions?

A

Because new atoms are being added to the molecule by breaking the double bond

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12
Q

What is the product from the reaction of an alkene with hydrogen?

A

An alkane

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13
Q

What conditions are necessary in the reaction of alkenes with hydrogen?

A

60oC, Nickel catalyst

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14
Q

What is the product from the reaction of an alkene with a halogen?

A

An alkane with two halogen atoms where the double bond used to be

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15
Q

What is the product from the reaction of an alkene with steam?

A

An alcohol

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16
Q

What conditions are necessary for the reaction of alkenes with steam?

A

High temperature, high pressure, catalyst

17
Q

What functional group do all alcohols have?

A

OH

18
Q

Name and draw the first four alcohols

A

Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol (ethanol pictured)

19
Q

What happens when an alcohol reacts with sodium?

A

It forms a sodium salt (e.g. sodium ethoxide from ethanol) and releases hydrogen gas.

20
Q

What are the products of a combustion reaction involving an alcohol and oxygen?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

21
Q

Write a symbol equation for the reaction of methanol/ethanol/propanol/butanol with oxygen

A

E.g CH3CH2OH + 5O2 gives 2CO2 + 3H2O

22
Q

Do alcohols dissolve in water?

A

Yes, they form neutral solutions

23
Q

How do alcohols react with oxidizing agents?

A

They turn into carboxylic acids

24
Q

What are the main uses of alcohols?

A

Solvents, ethanol used as drinking alcohol and a biofuel

25
Q

What is fermentation?

A

The process of turning glucose (a natural sugar) into ethanol

26
Q

What is required for natural fermentation?

A

Yeast

27
Q

What functional groups do all carboxylic acids have?

A

COOH

28
Q

Name and draw the first four carboxylic acids

A

Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid (image is ethanoic acid)

29
Q

Why are carboxylic acids weak acids?

A

Not all their molecules ionise when in water

30
Q

What is the product of a reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

A

An ester