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GCSE CHEMISTRY > 7 - Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

7 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What do hydrocarbons consist of?

A

Their molecules contain only hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

What are alkanes?

A

They are a group hydrocarbons that have single covalent bonds between the atoms

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3
Q

What is the formula for alkanes?

A

Cn H2n+2

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4
Q

What are alkenes?

A

The alkenes are a group of hydrocarbons
They have double covalent bonds between two of the carbon atoms and the rest of the bonds are single

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5
Q

What is the formula for alkenes?

A

Cn H2n

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6
Q

What are the first four alkanes?

A

methane
ethane
propane
butane

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7
Q

What are the first three alkenes?

A

ethene
propene
butene

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8
Q

How is crude oil formed?

A

Crude oil is mainly formed from dead organisms that have been compressed into rocks over time
It is a finite resource and cannot be replaced as it is used up

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9
Q

How does fractional distillation occur?

A

Crude oil enters fractionating column at the bottom and is heated so vapours rise

Vapours of hydrocarbons with veryhighboiling points will immediately condense into liquid at the higher temperatures at the bottom of the column

Vapours of hydrocarbons withlowboiling points will rise up the column and condense at the top

The fractions withsmallerhydrocarbons - collected at top as gases

The fractions withbiggerhydrocarbons - collected at the bottom

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10
Q

What is cracking?

A

Cracking is a chemical process that breaks down long hydrocarbon into smaller, more useful molecules

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11
Q

During cracking, what are some of the molecules that are formed?

A

Some of the smaller molecules formed are alkanes, which are saturated (cannot hold anymore molecules) hydrocarbons

Some of the other smaller molecules formed are alkenes, which are unsaturated (can hold more molecules) hydrocarbons

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12
Q

What are the two types of cracking?

A

Catalytic crackinguses a temperature of approximately 550°C and acatalystknown as a zeolite which contains aluminium oxide and silicon oxide

Steam crackinguses a higher temperature of over 800°C and no catalyst

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13
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A family of organic compounds with the same functional group, same general formula and similar chemical reactions

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14
Q

What is the general formula for carboxyls?

A

C(n-1) H(2n-1) COOH

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15
Q

What are the products when and acid and a metal react?

A

Salt
Hydrogen

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16
Q

What are the products when and acid and an alkali/base react?

A

Salt
Water

17
Q

What are the products when and acid and a carbonate react?

A

Salt
Carbon dioxide
Water

18
Q

What are the first four carboxyls?

A

Methanoic acid
Ethnic acid
Propanoic acid
Butanoic acid

19
Q

What functional group do the alcohols contain?

A

-OH (hydroxyls)

20
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

Cn H(2n+1) OH

21
Q

What do all alcohols do?

A

Dissolve in water to form a neutral solution
React with sodium to produce hydrogen
Burn in air

22
Q

What are the first four alcohols?

A

Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol

23
Q

What are polymers?

A

Polymers are long chains of molecules joined together in a repeating pattern and are made form monomers

24
Q

What are the natural polymers?

A

Amino acids = polymerise through condensation reactions guide by the code in your DNA
Polysaccharides = we use them to store DNA
Starch
Cellulose
Cotton – from plants
Wool – from sheep
Silk – from silk worm

25
Q

How are man - made polymers created?

A

Man – made polymers are created by joining together monomers through a process called polymerisation

26
Q

What are the examples of addition polymers?

A

Propene
Ethene
Chloroethene

27
Q

What is condensation polymerisation?

A

Chemical reaction in which monomers (small molecules) join together to produce a polymer and a small molecule such as water.

28
Q

What is addition polymerisation?

A

Chemical reaction in which unsaturated monomers (small molecules) join together by addition reactions to produce a polymer (long molecule).

GCSE CHEMISTRY (5 decks)

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