2 - Bonding, structure and matter Flashcards
How are particles in a solid arranged?
Regular arrangement
Fixed position
Tightly packed
Cannot be compressed
How are particles in a liquid arranged?
Randomly arranged
Able to flow
Close together
Cannot be compressed
How are particles in a gas arranged?
Randomly arranged
Move around
Able to flow
Can be compressed
Far apart
What is the process that turns a liquid into a gas?
Evaporation (boiling)
What is the process that turns a liquid into a solid?
Freezing
What is the process that turns a solid into a liquid?
Melting
What is the process that turns a solid into a gas?
Sublimation
What is the process that turns a gas into a liquid?
Condensation
What is the process that turns a gas into a solid?
Deposition
Describe a giant ionic structure
Regular 3D arrangement
Positive and negative ions
Strong electrostatic attraction
High melting points
Solid at room temp
Conduct electricity when molten/ in solution
Describe metallic bonds
Positive sea of delocalised electrons
Strong attraction between ions and electrons
High melting points
Solid at room temp
Conduct electricity/heat
Malleable
Describe a simple covalent structure
Isolated molecules
Weak forces of attraction between molecules
Strong bonds between atoms
Electrons are shared
Low melting points
Gases at room temp
Don’t conduct electricity
Describe a giant covalent structure
Repeating 3D structure
Strong bonds
Shared electrons
Hight melting points
Almost solid at room temp
Most don’t conduct electricity (except graphite)
Regular crystal arrangement
Why are alloys stronger than metals?
An alloy is a mixture of 2 elements (one of which is a metal)
The different sized atoms distort the regular arrangement
Makes it harder for the atoms to slide
What are different forms of the same element called?
Isotopes
