Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

dental > 7 - Oral medicine > Flashcards

7 - Oral medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the causes of oro-facial soft issue infections?

A

VIRAL
- primary herpes
- herpangina
- hand foot and mouth

BACTERIAL
- staph
- strep

FUNGAL
- Candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.

A
  • acute infectious disease
  • caused by the Herpes Simplex virus 1
  • transmission by droplet formation with 7 day incubation
  • herpes labialis is a common secondary infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of primary heretic gingivostomatits?

A
  • fluid filled vesicles, which rupture to painful rugged ulcers on the gingiva, tongue, lips, buccal and palatal mucosa (patients can be reluctant to eat or drink)
  • severe oedematous marginal gingivitis
  • fever
  • headache
  • malaise
  • cervical lymphadenopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you treat primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A
  • bed rest
  • soft diet/keep hydrated
  • paracetamol
  • antimicrobial gel/mouthwash
  • acyclovir (medically compromised children)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common complication of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

Dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes the recurrence of herpes virus?

A
  • 50-75% recurrence as herpes labialis
  • triggered by stress, UV, being run down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes herpangina?

A

Coxsackie A virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes hand foot and mouth?

A

Coxsackie A virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does herpangina present?

A
  • vesicles in the tonsilar/pharyngeal region which rupture to painful ulcers
  • lasts 7-10 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does hand foot and mouth present?

A
  • ulceration of gingiva, cheeks, tongue and palate
  • maculopapular rash on hands and feet
  • lasts 7-10 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you manage herpangina?

A
  • bed rest
  • soft diet/keep hydrated
  • paracetamol
  • antimicrobial gel/mouthwash
  • acyclovir (medically compromised children)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you manage hand foot and mouth?

A
  • bed rest
  • soft diet/keep hydrated
  • paracetamol
  • antimicrobial gel/mouthwash
  • acyclovir (medically compromised children)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define oral ulceration.

A

Localised defect in the surface oral mucosa where the covering epithelium is destroyed leaving an inflamed area of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What history is required for an ulcer?

A
  • onset
  • frequency
  • number (present at on time)
  • site
  • size
  • duration
  • exacerbating dietary factors
  • lesions in other areas
  • associated medical problems
  • treatment so far (beneficial or not?)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are common causes of oral ulceration?

A
  • unknown
  • infection
  • immune mediated disorder
  • vesiculobullous disorder
  • immunodeficiency disorder
  • neoplastic/haemotological
  • trauma
  • vitamin deficiency
  • recurrent apthous stomatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give an example of an infection that causes ulceration.

A

VIRAL
- coxsackie
- herpes simplex
- HIV

BACTERIAL
- TB
- syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give an example of an immune mediated disorder that causes ulceration.

A
  • Crohns
  • SLE
  • coeliac
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give an example of a vesiculobullous disorder that causes ulceration.

A
  • bullous or mucous membrane pemphigoid
  • linear IgA disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give an example of a neoplastic or haemotogocial disorder that causes ulceration.

A
  • anaemia
  • leukaemia
  • cyclic neutropenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give an example of a deficiency that causes ulceration.

A
  • iron
  • B12
  • folate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define RAU.

A
  • recurrent apthous ulceration
  • most common cause of ulceration in children
  • typically round or ovoid in shape with yellow/grey base
22
Q

What are the 3 patterns of RAU?

A
  • minor (<10mm, non keratinised mucosa, 10-14 days healing)
  • major (>10mm, non keratinised, multiple weeks to heal)
  • herpetiform (1-2mm, hundreds ay one time, no fever)
23
Q

Describe the aetiology of RAU.

A
  • unclear
  • hereditary predisposition in 45% of cases
  • iron deficiency 20%
  • GI eg coeliac
  • stress
  • menstruation
24
Q

What investigations are used in RAU?

A
  • diet diary
  • FBC
  • haematinics
  • coeliac screen
25
How do you manage RAU?
- diet analysis for exacerbating foods (deficiencies, traumatic eg avoid sharp/spicy, allergies) - low ferritin = 3 months iron supplements - low folate/B12 or positive anti-transglutaminase (coeliac) = refer to paediatrician - pharmacological
26
How is RAU treated pharmacologically?
- prevention of superinfection (corsodyl 0.2%) - protecting healing ulcers (gengigel or gelclair mouthwash, both hyaluronate) - symptomatic relief (difflam 0.15% benzydamine hydrochloride, LA spray)
27
Describe OFG.
- orofacial granulomatosis - uncommon chronic inflammatory disorder - idiopathic or associated with systemic Crohn's disease or sarcoidosis - average age 11 years old - more common in males
28
What are the clinical features of OFG?
- lip swelling - full thickness gingival swelling - swelling of non-labial facial tissues - peri-oral erythema - cobblestone appearance of buccal mucosa - linear oral ulceration - mucosal tags - lip/tongue fissuring - angular cheilitis
29
Describe the aetiology of OFG.
- largely unknown - allergens including cinnamon compounds, benzoates - higher IgE mediated atopy rates than general population
30
What investigations can be completed to diagnose OFG?
- clinical - lip biopsy (not essential) - observe growth (Crohn's) - FBC and haematinics - patch tests - diet diary - faecal calportectin (Crohn's) - endoscopy - serum angiotensin converting enzyme (sarcoidosis)
31
How do you manage OFG?
- OH support - symptomatic relief - dietary exclusion - manage nutritional deficiency - topical steroids - short courses of oral steroids - intralesion corticosteroids - surgical intervention (unresponsive to other tx)
32
What is geographic tongue?
- idiopathic and non-contagious, benign - seen at young age - shiny red areas on tongue with loss of filiform papillae surrounded by white margins - causes intense discomfort (spicy food or tomato/citrus)
33
How do you manage geographic tongue?
- reassure parents that this is benign - bland diet during flare ups - haematinics for deficiencies
34
What are causes of solid swellings in the mouth?
- fibre-epithelial polyps - epulides - congenital epulis - HPV-associated mucosal swellings - neurofibromas
35
Describe a fibre-epithelial polyp.
- common - firm pink lump (pedunctulated or sessile) - usually in cheeks, also found in lips or tongue - does not change size - caused by minor trauma - excision is curative
36
What are epulides?
- common solid swelling of mucosa - benign hyperplastic lesion - 3 main types (fibrous epulis, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma)
37
Describe fibrous epulis.
- pedunculated or sessile mass - firm consistency - similar colour to surrounding gingiva - made up of inflammatory cell infiltrate and fibrous tissue
38
Describe pyogenic granulomas.
- also known as pregnancy epulis (regress after birth) - often ulcerated - haemorrhage spontaneously with mild trauma - vascular proliferation support by fibrous stroma - recur after removal
39
Describe peripheral giant cell granulomas.
- pedunculated or sessile swelling - typically dark red and ulcerated - arise inter proximally with an hourglass shape - radiograph can reveal superficial erosion of superficial bone - multinucleate giant cells in a vascular stroma - may recur after excision
40
What congenital epulis?
- rare lesion - occurs in neonates, F > M - most commonly anterior maxilla - granular cells covered with epithelium - benign - excision is curative
41
What are the types of HIV associated swellings?
- verruca vulgaris - squamous cell papilloma
42
Describe verruca vulgaris.
- single or multiple lesion - associated with skin warts - caused by HPV 2 and 4 - found on keratinised epithelium (gingiva and palate) - resolve spontaneously but can be excised)
43
Describe squamous cell papilloma.
- small pedunculated (cauliflower like) growths - benign - caused by HPV 6 and 11 - vary in colour from pink to white - usually solitary - excised
44
What are causes of fluid filled swellings in the oral cavity?
- mucoceles - ranula - Bohn's nodules - Epstein pearls - haemangiomas - vesiculobullous lesions
45
What are mucoceles?
- 2 types (mucous extravasation cyst and mucous retention cyst) - bluish, soft, transparent cystic swelling - affect minor or major salivary gland - most common in lower lip minor glands - can be excised
46
What is a ranula?
- mucocele in FOM - arise in minor glands or ducts - ultrasound or MRI required to exclude plunging ranula (through FOM) - occasionally are lymphangioma (tumour)
47
What are Bohn's nodules?
- gingival cysts - remnant of dental lamina - filled with keratin - occurs on alveolar ridge - found in neonates - self resolve in a few months
48
What are Epstein pearls?
- small cystic lesions - found in midline of palate - trapped epithelium in midline - 80% of neonates - disappear in first few weeks
49
What is TMJDS?
- temperomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome - characterised by pain, masticatory muscle spasm, truisms
50
What history is required for TMJDS?
- presenting symptoms - when did it begin - is it worse at a specific time of day (morning = clenching at night) - exacerbating factors - habits - stress
51
How do you examine for TMJDS?
- palate MOM at rest and with teeth clenched - palate TMJ at rest and when open/close (listen for click or crepitus, assess any deviation of jaw and extent of opening) - asses any NCSTL - signs of clenching in mucosa (scalloped tongue, buccal mucosa ridges)
52
How do you manage TMJDS?
- explain condition - reduce exacerbating factors (eg. manage stress, avoid habits) - bite splint - soft diet - symptomatic relief (ibuprofen, hot/cold compress)

dental (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions