7] Operant Conditioning (3) Flashcards
What is extinction
When reinforcement of a behaviour is discontinued and results in a decrease in frequency of that behaviour in the future
Extinction in classical conditioning is when
The CS is no longer paired with the UCS so the CR is put on extinction
Extinction in operant conditioning is when
Extinction provides a zero probability of reinforment
What is forgetting
When a behaviour is weakened by time, during so the individual does not have the opportunity to emit the behaviour
What is the difference between forgetting and extinction
In extinction the person can emit the behaviour but its not reinforced
What is an extinction burst
What is spontaneous recovery
What are the variables that influence extinction
1] MO
2] Number, magnitude, quality of reinforcement
3] Response effort
What are schedules of reinforcement
What is a schedule of continuous reinforcement
It provides reinforcement for and every occurrence of a behaviour
It establishes a behaviour
What is a intermittent schedule of reinforcement
Refers to where some but not all occurrenes of a behvaiour is reinforced.
It maintains a behaviour
What is a ratio schedule of reinforcement
It requires a number of responses before reinforcement is provided.
Can be either fixed or varaible ratio
Ratio: What is fixed ratio
It requires a defined number or responses to be emitted before reinforcement is provided.
E.g: FR4 = Every 4th occurrence is reinforced
Fixed ratio: What is post-reinforcement pause
Fixed ratio: Features of FR schedules are..
1] Reinforcement produce high rates of response
2] Quick responding maximise the delivery of reinforcement
3] Post reinforcement pause
Ratio: What is goal gradient hypothesis
Proposed by Clark Hull, 1932 it states that the tendency to approach a goal increases with proximity. Closer = more rapid behaviour
Ratio: What is variable ratio
It requires the completion of a variable number of response to produce a reinforcer.
E.g: VR10 = on average after every 10th response reinforcement is provided
Variable ratio: Features of VR schedules
1] Steady, rates of response
2] No reinforcement pause
3] Fast, high rates of responding
What is interval schedules of reinforcement
It requires an elapse of time before a response produces reinforcement
Interval: What is a fixed interval schedule
Provides reinforcement for the first response following a fixed duration of time
E.g: FI3 = after 3m when the behaviour is first emitted its reinforced
Features of fixed intervals
1] Post-reinforcement pause
2] Has a scallop effect
3] Produce slow-moderate rates of response
Interval: What is variable interval schedules
It produces reinforcement for the first correct response following the elapse of variable duration time
E.g: VI5 = reinforcement available when the behaviour is emitted after an average of 5, then 7m then 3 (=15)
Varaible interval: Features
1] Constant, stable rates of response
