7. Nicholas II and the 1905 Revolution Flashcards
When did Tsar Nicholas II ascend to the throne?
1894
Who was Nicholas II’s tutor?
Konstantin Pobedonostsev. The ‘Black Tsar’.
What happened at Nicholas II’s coronation in 1896?
Crowds gathered on Khodynka Field, attracted by the promise of free food. There was a crush and 1400 were killed.
Ceremonies went ahead as if nothing had happened. It was only later that Nicholas visited the injured at a hospital.
1901 - How many St Petersburg students were killed by a squadron of Cossacks?
13 killed.
Also 1500 imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress.
What were the ‘years of the red cockerel’?
1902-07: years of unrest in the countryside. So called because of there were so many incidents of arson.
Who was Father Georgi Gapon?
An Orthodox priest. He founded the Assembly of St Petersburg Factory Workers (a trade union), but was very loyal to Tsar Nicholas II.
How much did strikes increase from 1894 to 1904?
From 17,000 in 1894 to 90,000 in 1904
What happened on Bloody Sunday (9 Jan 1905)?
(How many troops? How many deaths (roughly)?)
150,000 unarmed workers, many of them on strike from the Putilov Iron Works, held a peaceful march to the Winter Palace. Gapon led the march and the marchers held pictures of the Tsar; red flags were not allowed.
12,000 troops broke up the demonstration, shooting and killing 200 marchers.
When and what was the Treaty of Portsmouth?
23 Aug 1905.
End of the Russo-Japanese War. Russia cedes territory including southern half of the island of Sakhalin.
When was the Mutiny on the Battleship Potëmkin?
June 1905.
What was the October Manifesto?
Decree promising an elected Duma and civil rights. Signed by Nicholas II in Oct 1905.
What were the Fundamental Laws?
Apr 1906 - Just before the first Duma met, Nicholas issued a series of ‘Fundamental Laws’ claiming authority to veto legislation, overturn court decisions and dissolve the Duma when he wished.
Why was the 3rd Duma called the ‘Duma of Lords and Lackeys’?
It was made up mostly of deputies sympathetic to the Tsar, after an illegal emergency decree which vastly increased the gentry’s proportion of the vote.
