7 Natural Anatomical & Artificial Division and their Cavities Flashcards
7 Natural Anatomical Division
- Head
- Neck
-
Thorax
4 Abdomen - Pelvis
- Upper extremities
- Lower extremities
4 Major Cavities
- Cranial Cavity
- Thoracic Cavity
- Abdominal Cavity
- Pelvic Cavity
- Houses brain; central nervous system
- In addition there are the jaws, facial muscles and associated blood suply
Head and Cranial Cavity
- Region that connect the head to the body
- Passing through the neck are the spinal cord and several tubes that connect mouth to the digestive system and respiratory system
Neck
-
Below the neck and above the muscular diaphragm
Surface landmarks: collarbone/clavicle, sternum and upper 7 ribs
Thorax and Thoracic Cavity
Within the thoracic cavity:
- Pericardium
- Heart
- Pleura and lungs
- Extends from the diaphragm down to the pelvis
- Bounded by the lower five ribs laterally and dorsally
Abdomen and Abdominal Cavity
Within the Abdomen and Abdominal Cavity:
- Stomach
- Liver
- Spleen
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- ** and most small and large intestines**
Lower portion of the trunk
- bounded by anteriorly by the pubic symphysis of the pelvis
- laterally by hip bones
and posteriorly by **sacrum and coccyx
Pelvis and Pelvic Cavity
Within the Pelvis and Pelvic Cavity:
- Bladder
- Reproductive organs
- some parts of small and large intestines
- Arms from the shoulders to the fingers
- Have several major muscles and bones, arteries and veins
Upper Extremities
- Legs from thighs to the toes
- Have muscles, bones, nerves and vascular elements are found there
Lower extremities
Artificial descriptive terms that may be helpful in locating structures or describing conditions
Artificial Anatomical Divisions
Abdomen may be divided into __________
4 quadrants
Human body is ____________ symmetrical; has right and left that are mirror images
bilaterally
Away from the center plane of the body
Lateral
Toward the center plane
Medial
ex.: The jugular vein is lateral to the carotid artery
Nearer the center of the body
Proximal
ex.: The shoulder is proximal to the elbow
Farther from the center
Distal
ex.: The foot is distal to the knee.
The back of the body
Posterior
ex.: Buttocks are on the posterior surface.
The front of the body
Anterior
ex.: Breasts are on the anterior surface.
Upper part of the body
Superior
Lower part of the body
Inferior
11 Major Organ Systems
- Circulatory System
- Lymphatic System
- Skeletal System
- Muscular System
- Integumentary System
- Nervous System
- Endocrine System
- Respiratory System
- Digestive System
- Excretory System
- Reproductive System
5 Functional Categories of Organ Systems
- Transport
- Support and Movement
- Integration and Coordination
- Absorption and Excretion
- Reproductive System
Organ systems under transport category
- Circulatory system
- Lymphatic system
Organ systems under support and movement catergory
- Skeletal system
- Muscular system
- Integumentary system
Organ systems under integration and coordination category
- Nervous system
- Endocrine system
Organ system under absorption and excretion category
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Excretory system
Organ system under absorption and excretion category
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Excretory system
Organ system under reproduction category
Male and Female Reproductive system
