7. Moods

Question 1

Define mood

Answer 1

The mood of a verb indicates the manner in which the action is to be regarded – is it a statement, command, hypothetical etc?

Question 2

Define indicative mood

Answer 2

Statements and questions

I am listening

Question 3

Define imperative mood

Answer 3

Commands

I am listening

Question 4

Define infinitive mood

Answer 4

The idea of the verb in general

To listen

Question 5

Define participle mood

Answer 5

Verbal adjective

Listening, he understood

Question 6

Define subjunctive mood

Answer 6

Uncertainty

I may listen

Question 7

What are the other moods?

Answer 7

Imperative, infinitive, participle and subjunctive

(All moods except indicative)

Question 8

Which tenses are not found in the other moods?

Answer 8

Future tense

Imperfect tense

Question 9

The indicative mood contains both time and aspect. Which of these falls away in the other moods?

Answer 9

Time falls away.

Only aspect is expressed.

Question 10

What word is used to make words negative in the other moods?

Answer 10

μη

Question 11

Why do Aorist Imperatives not have the ε augment?

Answer 11

Because the ε augment marks past time which does not happen in the imperative.

Question 12

How do you distinguish between Aorist Imperative and Future Indicative tenses?

Answer 12

The endings will be different.

Question 13

What does the Present imperative express?

Answer 13

The Present imperative expresses a ‘process’ – a command for something to be done repeatedly or continuously.

Keep on doing it!

Question 14

What does the Aorist imperative express?

Answer 14

The Aorist imperative is undefined, or deliberately used to stress a ‘one-time’ sense.

Question 15

How can you translate the infinitive?

Answer 15

To …

Question 16

For imperatives and infinitives, which is the default, present or aorist?

Answer 16

Aorist is the default (undefined).

When present is used, there will be a special reason for this and should be noticed.

Question 17

What is at the heart of understanding participles?

Answer 17

The participle is dependent upon a main verb (indicative, or imperative) in the sentence. It expresses meaning in relation to that main verb, not absolutely.

Question 18

Define Present Participle

Answer 18

A simultaneous process.

The action in the participle is a process going on at the same time as the action in the main verb.

Question 19

Define **Aorist **participle

Answer 19

Sequence.

The action in the participle ocurred before the action in the main verb.

Question 20

Because the participle is a verb, it can have its own…

Answer 20

…object (in the accusative).

Question 21

How can participles be turned into nouns?

Answer 21

With the addition of the article.