7. Moods Flashcards
Define mood
The mood of a verb indicates the manner in which the action is to be regarded – is it a statement, command, hypothetical etc?
Define indicative mood
Statements and questions
I am listening
Define imperative mood
Commands
I am listening
Define infinitive mood
The idea of the verb in general
To listen
Define participle mood
Verbal adjective
Listening, he understood
Define subjunctive mood
Uncertainty
I may listen
What are the other moods?
Imperative, infinitive, participle and subjunctive
(All moods except indicative)
Which tenses are not found in the other moods?
Future tense
Imperfect tense
The indicative mood contains both time and aspect. Which of these falls away in the other moods?
Time falls away.
Only aspect is expressed.
What word is used to make words negative in the other moods?
μη
Why do Aorist Imperatives not have the ε augment?
Because the ε augment marks past time which does not happen in the imperative.
How do you distinguish between Aorist Imperative and Future Indicative tenses?
The endings will be different.
What does the Present imperative express?
The Present imperative expresses a ‘process’ – a command for something to be done repeatedly or continuously.
Keep on doing it!
What does the Aorist imperative express?
The Aorist imperative is undefined, or deliberately used to stress a ‘one-time’ sense.
How can you translate the infinitive?
To …
For imperatives and infinitives, which is the default, present or aorist?
Aorist is the default (undefined).
When present is used, there will be a special reason for this and should be noticed.
What is at the heart of understanding participles?
The participle is dependent upon a main verb (indicative, or imperative) in the sentence. It expresses meaning in relation to that main verb, not absolutely.
Define Present Participle
A simultaneous process.
The action in the participle is a process going on at the same time as the action in the main verb.
Define **Aorist **participle
Sequence.
The action in the participle ocurred before the action in the main verb.
Because the participle is a verb, it can have its own…
…object (in the accusative).
How can participles be turned into nouns?
With the addition of the article.
