6. The Tenses Flashcards
What two things do the tenses communicate?
**Time **(when the action happens) and **aspect **(the nature of the action – process, completed etc.)
How are tenses distinguished?
- adding **prefixes **and suffixes to the stem
- by having a different set of endings
What is this prefix called?
An augment
Define present tense
Present – process or undefined
I am untying, I untie
Define future tense
Future – undefined
I will untie
Define imperfect tense
Past – process
I was untying
Define aorist tense
Past – undefined
I untied
Define **process **aspect
The process aspect means that the action is being viewed as part of an ongoing process, either continuous or repeated.
Define undefined aspect
- It is truly undefined, meaning nothing is being implied at all about the manner in which the action occurred.
- It is deliberately being used as opposed to using the process aspect, thus a punctilliar one-time sense is meant.
What is the difference between the aorist and imperfect tenses?
The aorist carries the undefined aspect and the imperfect the process aspect.
What are the three possibilities for the imperfect tense?
- Continuous process (I was untying)
- Repeated process (I used to untie)
- A process in the past that is viewed as just beginning (I began to untie)
What happens when an ε augment is added to a word beginning with a vowel?
A contraction takes place.
ε augment + α = …
η
ε augment + ε = …
η
ε augment + ο = …
ω
ε augment + η = …
η