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Reproductive System > 7) Male Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

7) Male Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What does the scrotum develop from?

A

Labioscrotal folds (genital swellings)

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2
Q

What are the layers of the scrotum? (2)

A

Cutaneous layer and superficial layer containing Dartos muscle (SM)

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3
Q

What is contained within the scrotum?

A

Testis, epididymis and first part of spermatic cord

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4
Q

Describe the structure of the testis:

A

Compound tubular gland enclosed by a thick, fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea. Also surrounded by tunica vaginalis

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5
Q

What is the arterial supply to the testis?

A

Testicular arteries from abdominal aorta

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6
Q

What is the venous drainage of the testis?

A

R - right testicular vein into IVC

L - left testicular vein into left renal vein

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7
Q

What is oligozoospermia?

A

Low number of sperm in semen

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8
Q

What is cryptorchid testis?

What is it associated with?

A

Spermatogenesis impaired because of elevated temperature due to maldescended testis
Associated with increased incidence of malignant testicular tumours

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9
Q

What is orchitis?

A

Inflammation of testis, due to mumps after puberty, impaired spermatogenesis

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10
Q

What is the epididymis located?

A

Superior and posterolateral surface of testis

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11
Q

What are the sections of the epididymis?

A

Head, body, tail

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12
Q

Describe the route of the spermatic cord:

A

Inferior abdomen through inguinal canal to posterior border of testis

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13
Q

What is contained within the spermatic cord?

A

Testicular artery, cremasteric artery and artery to vas
Pampiniform plexus
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Vas deferens and lymphatics

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14
Q

Describe the structure of the pampiniform plexus:

A

Meshwork of veins that wrap around testicular artery

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15
Q

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

A

Cool blood entering testis so ensure optimum temperature for gametogenesis

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16
Q

What forms the ejaculatory duct?

A

Duct of seminal vesicle and terminal portion of vas deferens

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17
Q

Describe the vas deferens:

A

Straight muscular tube transporting sperm to prostatic urethra
Rich autonomic innervation of SM to allow contraction

18
Q

What are the coverings of the spermatic cord?

A

External spermatic fascia (aponeurosis of external oblique)
Cremasteric muscle and fascia (internal oblique)
Internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia )

19
Q

What is hydrocoele?

A

Serous fluid in tunica vaginalis

20
Q

What is haemtaocoele?

A

Blood in tunica vaginalis (trauma)

21
Q

What is varicocoele?

Why is it more likely on the left?

A

Varicosities (enlarged veins) of pampiniform plexus

More likely on left due to vertical course

22
Q

What is spermatocoele?

A

Epididymal cyst, collection of products of testes in epididymis e.g. developing spermatozoa

23
Q

What is trans-illumination?

A

Light can pass through fluid but not solid mass so used in diagnosis

24
Q

What is testicular torsion?

A

Twisting above upper pole, risk of necrosis

25
Q

What is the innervation to anterior surface of the male repro tract?

A

Lumbar plexus

26
Q

What is the innervation to posterior and inferior surface of the male repro tract?

A

Sacral plexus

27
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the testis?

A

Para-aortic nodes

28
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the scrotum?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

29
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles located?

A

Between bladder and rectum, posterior to prostate

30
Q

Describe the prostate gland:

A

Fibromuscular gland with central and peripheral zones

31
Q

Why does malignancy of the prostate gland present late?

A

Affects peripheral zone

32
Q

How can prostate cancer metastasise?

A

Via lymphatics (internal iliac/sacral nodes) and venous route (internal vertebral plexus)

33
Q

What are the parts of the penis?

A

Root, body and glans

34
Q

Describe the internal structure of the penis:

A

Pair of corpora cavernosa dorsally and single corpus spongiosum ventrally (contains urethra)

35
Q

What is the arterial supply to the penis?

A

Internal pudendal artery (anterior branch of internal iliac)

36
Q

What two muscles are found on the male perineum?

A

Bulbospongiosus

Ischiocavernosus

37
Q

What is the function of bulbospongiosus?

A

Helps expel urine and maintain erection

38
Q

What is the function of ischiocavernosus?

A

Compresses veins and helps maintain erection

39
Q

What is the least distensible part of the male urethra?

A

Membranous

40
Q

What is the cremasteric reflex?

A

Stroking of superior medial thigh causes elevation of testis on same side (ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerve)

Reproductive System (24 decks)

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