7 Major Cellular Compartments

Question 1

Nucleus:

DNA-

Chromatin (2 pts)
Hetero-
Eu-

Answer 1

“Blue print” for the entire organism
*DNA for the whole body

Hetero- coarse granules, not active
Eu- diffuse basophilic material, active

Question 2

Nucleus:

Nucleolus makes ______

Answer 2

rRNA

Question 3

Nucleus:

Human chromosomes-
How many pairs?

Answer 3

22 pairs

*autosomes and 1 pair sex chromosomes

Question 4

Cytosol:

Represents-

Contains-

Answer 4

55% cell volume (big amount)

Thousands of enzymes

Question 5

Cytosol:

Catalyzes…

Biosynthesis…

Answer 5

Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

Sugars, fatty acids, nucleotides, amino acids

Question 6

7 major cellular compartments

Answer 6

Nucleus 
Cytosol
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Golgi complex/appartatus 
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Perioxisomes

Question 7

Cytosol balances______

Answer 7

pH of the cell

Question 8

Cytosol:

Stores _____ and _____

Ribosomes-

Answer 8

Fats and glycogen

Large ribonucleoprotein particle

• mRNA sequence translated into amino acids
• binds amino acids together

Question 9

Endoplasmic reticulum:

Smooth or rough depending on…

____% of cell volume

Continuous with the ____ _____ _____

Answer 9

Presence or absence of ribosomes.

10

Outer nuclear membrane

Question 10

ER functions:

Separates molecules for…

Production of proteins lipids and complex carbs- (4 pts)

Answer 10

Cellular use from those to be exported

1. Golgi apparatus
2. Plasma membrane
3. Lysosomes
4. Cell exterior

Question 11

Golgi apparatus:

Found near the..

Consists of…

Answer 11

Nucleus

Several cisternae

Question 12

Golgi apparatus:

Number of cells _____ ______

Two distinct faces:

Answer 12

Varies enormously

1. Cis or forming
2. Trans or maturing

Question 13

Golgi apparatus functions:

Principle director of ______

Modifies ______ usually with specialized sugars

Packages proteins for _____

Answer 13

Macromolecules
*proteins and lipids and their modified forms

Macromolecules
*sugar gives direction

Secretion

Question 14

Mitochondria: “power house”

Number is dependent on..

Answer 14

The cells energy requirements

Question 15

Mitochondria:

Symbolic relationship (3 pts)

Answer 15

Contains its own DNA
Now dependent on cell for many proteins
Cells now dependent on it for energy

Question 16

Mitochondria function:

Metabolism of sugar and ____ ____ to create ____

1 glucose= ___ ATP

Answer 16

Fatty acids, ATP

36

*without these oxidative reactions, glycolysis produces only 2 ATP for 1 glucose

Question 17

Mitochondria function:

ATP mostly created by the ___ ____ ____

Answer 17

Electron transport chain

Question 18

Lysosomes:

Function..

Primary lysosome contains

Secondary lysosome combines with a ____ or ____

Answer 18

Dissolve, digest, detoxify substances for the cell

Hydrolytic enzymes

Vacuole or vesicle

Question 19

Peroxisome:

Produced on…

Uses oxygen to create ____ ____

Answer 19

Smooth ER

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 20

Peroxisome:

May also generate _____ and ____ from hydrogen peroxide

Important in _______ reactions

Answer 20

Water and oxygen

Detoxifying