7 Major Cellular Compartments Flashcards
Nucleus:
DNA-
Chromatin (2 pts)
Hetero-
Eu-
“Blue print” for the entire organism
*DNA for the whole body
Hetero- coarse granules, not active
Eu- diffuse basophilic material, active
Nucleus:
Nucleolus makes ______
rRNA
Nucleus:
Human chromosomes-
How many pairs?
22 pairs
*autosomes and 1 pair sex chromosomes
Cytosol:
Represents-
Contains-
55% cell volume (big amount)
Thousands of enzymes
Cytosol:
Catalyzes…
Biosynthesis…
Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
Sugars, fatty acids, nucleotides, amino acids
7 major cellular compartments
Nucleus Cytosol Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Golgi complex/appartatus Mitochondria Lysosomes Perioxisomes
Cytosol balances______
pH of the cell
Cytosol:
Stores _____ and _____
Ribosomes-
Fats and glycogen
Large ribonucleoprotein particle
- mRNA sequence translated into amino acids
- binds amino acids together
Endoplasmic reticulum:
Smooth or rough depending on…
____% of cell volume
Continuous with the ____ _____ _____
Presence or absence of ribosomes.
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Outer nuclear membrane
ER functions:
Separates molecules for…
Production of proteins lipids and complex carbs- (4 pts)
Cellular use from those to be exported
- Golgi apparatus
- Plasma membrane
- Lysosomes
- Cell exterior
Golgi apparatus:
Found near the..
Consists of…
Nucleus
Several cisternae
Golgi apparatus:
Number of cells _____ ______
Two distinct faces:
Varies enormously
- Cis or forming
- Trans or maturing
Golgi apparatus functions:
Principle director of ______
Modifies ______ usually with specialized sugars
Packages proteins for _____
Macromolecules
*proteins and lipids and their modified forms
Macromolecules
*sugar gives direction
Secretion
Mitochondria: “power house”
Number is dependent on..
The cells energy requirements
Mitochondria:
Symbolic relationship (3 pts)
Contains its own DNA
Now dependent on cell for many proteins
Cells now dependent on it for energy
Mitochondria function:
Metabolism of sugar and ____ ____ to create ____
1 glucose= ___ ATP
Fatty acids, ATP
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*without these oxidative reactions, glycolysis produces only 2 ATP for 1 glucose
Mitochondria function:
ATP mostly created by the ___ ____ ____
Electron transport chain
Lysosomes:
Function..
Primary lysosome contains
Secondary lysosome combines with a ____ or ____
Dissolve, digest, detoxify substances for the cell
Hydrolytic enzymes
Vacuole or vesicle
Peroxisome:
Produced on…
Uses oxygen to create ____ ____
Smooth ER
Hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisome:
May also generate _____ and ____ from hydrogen peroxide
Important in _______ reactions
Water and oxygen
Detoxifying
