7. interspecific relationships Flashcards
what is commensalism?
one species benefits (+) and the other is unaffected (0)
what is mutualism?
both species benefit (+/+)
give one example of commensalism
epiphytes = a plant grows on another plant that depends on it for support not food
barnacles growing on whales
give one example of mutualism
clownfish hides in anemone
cleaner fish removes parasites
bacteria/microrganisms in the gut of ruminants
tick cleaning bird and cattle
pollination by bees and cross pollination
tui and flower - food source and pollen
what is herbivory with an example
herbivore eats plants for nutrients = grazers feed on grass and meadow plants (e.g. sheep, cows, horses)
what is parasitism with an example
parasite lives on and feeds off another living organism = stomach worms in sheep or lice in hair
what is predation with an example
carnivore hunts, kills and eats prey = lion and deer or wolves killing and eating moose
what are interspecific relationships?
relationships between members of different species
what is mimicry?
when one species resembles another to avoid predation
what is mullerian mimicry?
when two unpalatable species mimic the warning signals of each other
what is batesian mimicry?
a harmless (palatable) species mimics a dangerous or poisonous one