7) insect functional morphology (mouth and noise)

Question 1

categories of sound production

Answer 1

1) tremulation
2) percussion
3) Stridulation
4) Click mechanisms
5) Air expulsion

Question 2

tremulation

Answer 2

vibration
e.g. species specific flight sounds
e.g. mosquito

Question 3

precussion

Answer 3

e.g. Cicadas (Order: Hemiptera)
Special organ called a tymbal

Question 4

Stridulation

Answer 4

frictional mechanisms
widespread (at least 7 orders)
e.g. Crickets (Order: Orthoptera)

Question 5

Click mechanisms

Answer 5

deformation of modified area of cuticle

Question 6

4 types of insect mouthparts

Answer 6

sponging (housefly)
siphoning (butterfly or moth)
sucking (mosquito and aphid)
chewing (cockroach)

Question 7

labrum

Answer 7

“top lip” of an insect mouth

Question 8

mandibles

Answer 8

Chewing mouthparts
between labrum and maxillae
largest mouthpart

Question 9

maxillae

Answer 9

for manipulating food
under mandibles
have hairs and teeth on inner margins

Question 10

labrum

Answer 10

lower margin of insect face
cover some or most of te mandibles

Question 11

labium

Answer 11

formed from two fused secondary maxillae
floor of moth or bottom lip

Question 12

two broad mouthpart categories

Answer 12

mandibulate (chewing)
haustellate (piercing-sucking, spongin and siphoning)

Question 13

can have variation within an order: example

Answer 13

Hymenoptera
biting: sawfly
biting and licking: wasp
licking and sucking: bee

Question 14

mosquito mouth type

Answer 14

piercing and sucking

Question 15

cockroach mouth type

Answer 15

biting and chewing

Question 16

variation in a life cycle

Answer 16

Lepidoptera
caterpillar: mandibulate (chewing)
adult butterfly/moth: haustellate siphoning)

Question 17

masticate

Answer 17

cut, tear, crush or chew

Question 18

proboscis

Answer 18

siphoning mouthpart e.g. Lepidoptera

Question 19

stylet

Answer 19

elongated piercing mouthpart e.g. aphids

Question 20

labellum

Answer 20

sponge-like feeding organ with pseudotrachea e.g. house fly

Question 21

why are there diverse insect mouthparts

Answer 21

to feed on a variety of substrates