7) insect functional morphology (mouth and noise) Flashcards
categories of sound production
1) tremulation
2) percussion
3) Stridulation
4) Click mechanisms
5) Air expulsion
tremulation
vibration
e.g. species specific flight sounds
e.g. mosquito
precussion
e.g. Cicadas (Order: Hemiptera)
Special organ called a tymbal
Stridulation
frictional mechanisms
widespread (at least 7 orders)
e.g. Crickets (Order: Orthoptera)
Click mechanisms
deformation of modified area of cuticle
4 types of insect mouthparts
sponging (housefly)
siphoning (butterfly or moth)
sucking (mosquito and aphid)
chewing (cockroach)
labrum
“top lip” of an insect mouth
mandibles
Chewing mouthparts
between labrum and maxillae
largest mouthpart
maxillae
for manipulating food
under mandibles
have hairs and teeth on inner margins
labrum
lower margin of insect face
cover some or most of te mandibles
labium
formed from two fused secondary maxillae
floor of moth or bottom lip
two broad mouthpart categories
mandibulate (chewing)
haustellate (piercing-sucking, spongin and siphoning)
can have variation within an order: example
Hymenoptera
biting: sawfly
biting and licking: wasp
licking and sucking: bee
mosquito mouth type
piercing and sucking
cockroach mouth type
biting and chewing
variation in a life cycle
Lepidoptera
caterpillar: mandibulate (chewing)
adult butterfly/moth: haustellate siphoning)
masticate
cut, tear, crush or chew
proboscis
siphoning mouthpart e.g. Lepidoptera
stylet
elongated piercing mouthpart e.g. aphids
labellum
sponge-like feeding organ with pseudotrachea e.g. house fly
why are there diverse insect mouthparts
to feed on a variety of substrates
