Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2. MGD > 7. Inheritance of Genes - DNA Replication, Mitosis and Meiosis > Flashcards

7. Inheritance of Genes - DNA Replication, Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is DNA replication catalysed by?

A

DNA polymerase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three general stages of DNA replication in prokaryotes?

A

Initiation, elongation, termination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe initiation in DNA replication.

A

The two stands are opened and DNA polymerase joins to the 3’ end, primase joins at the 5’ prime end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe elongation in DNA replication.

A

There is a continuous, leading strand that replicates the 3’ to 5’ strand. The lagging strand replicates 5’ to 3’ but is stop start, which produces Okazaki fragments to form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are Okazaki fragments joined in DNA replication, elongation?

A

By DNA ligase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is used to unwind the double helix in DNA replication, elongation?

A

Helicase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two arms of chromosomes?

A

P, short arm and q, long arm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How long would it take cells to recopy all DNA from their genome?

A

8 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

G2, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

The nuclear membrane breaks down. Centrosomes move to polar ends of the cell. The chromosomes condense.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens in prometaphase?

A

Chromosomes migrate to the plane in the midline of the cell, led by their centromeres. Spindle fibres bind of the kinetochore of the centromere of the chromosomes. Chromosomes carry on condensing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

The chromosomes align along the metaphase plate of the spindle apparatus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

The sister chromatids of chromosomes are separated. They’re pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibres. The separated chromatids are now called daughter chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

The nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosomes at either end of the cell. The chromosomes uncoil and become diffuse. The spindle fibres disappear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens in cytokinesis?

A

There is cellular division to form two new cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the purpose of meiosis?

A

Cell division for germ line cells. To produce four non-identical cells, all haploid.

17
Q

What happens in gamete production?

A

One round of replication and two rounds of division.

18
Q

What happens in prophase I?

A

The chromosomes begin to condense. Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over takes place.

19
Q

What happens in metaphase I?

A

Spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes and the chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell.

20
Q

What happens in anaphase I?

A

The chromosomes start to move to the poles of the cell as the spindle fibres shorten and pull them.

21
Q

What happens in telophase I?

A

The chromosomes are in the opposite ends and the nuclear membrane forms.

22
Q

What happens in prophase II?

A

The chromosomes begin to condense. The nuclear membrane dissolved and spindle fibres form.

23
Q

What happens in metaphase II?

A

Spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell.

24
Q

What happens in anaphase II?

A

The centromeres divide and sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell as the spindle fibres shorten.

25
Q

What happens in telophase II?

A

The chromosomes reach opposite ends and the nuclear membrane forms.

26
Q

How is genetic diversity maintained in meiosis?

A

By random assortment of chromosomes and crossing over of genetic information.

27
Q

What is the length of spermatogenesis?

A

Around 48 days.

28
Q

What is the length of oogenesis?

A

12-50 years.

29
Q

What is produced in spermatogenesis.

A

1 spermatocyte (2n) –> 4 sperm (n).

30
Q

What is produced by oogenesis?

A

1 oocyte (2n) –> 1 egg (n) + 3 polar bodies (discarded).

31
Q

What are the consequences of faulty meiosis?

A

Cause 1/3 of identified miscarriages, infertility and the leading cause of mental retardation.

32
Q

What is the purpose of cell cycle checkpoints?

A

To see if something is going wrong in the cell cycle, and if it is to stop the cycle and replication and go to apoptosis instead.

2. MGD (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions