Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Internal Medicine > 7) Infectious Disease (Part 1) > Flashcards

7) Infectious Disease (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial meningitis diagnosis

A
  • Lumbar Puncture

- Head CT first if evidence of increase intracranial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bacterial meningitis first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • IV Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxamine + Vancomycin
  • Add Ampicillin (if over 50 years old to cover for Listeria)
  • Plus dexamethasone (to prevent deafness)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Encephalitis diagnosis

A
  • Head CT

- PCR of CSF for HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Encephalitis first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • IV acyclovir (foscarnet if acyclovir resistant herpes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Otitis externa diagnosis

A
  • Clinical
  • External canal erythema/inflammation
  • Tragal or auricle tenderness with palpation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Otitis externa first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • Drops ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Otitis media diagnosis

A
  • Clinical

- Bulging &/or reduced mobility of the tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Otitis media first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • Anoxicillin-clavulanate or amoxicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acute bacterial sinusitis diagnosis

A
  • Clinical (no improvement in 7 days)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acute bacterial sinusitis firs-line antibiotic choice

A
  • PO Amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis diagnosis

A
  • Positive rapid strep

- Culture (gram + cocci in pairs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • PO Penicillin V or Amoxicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Types of UTIs

A
  • Uncomplicated cystitis
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Acute prostatitis
  • Acute epididymitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Uncomplicated cystitis diagnosis

A
  • UA, Urine culture

- Voiding symptoms, but usually afebrile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Uncomplicated cystitis first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • PO Nitrofurantoin (macrocrystals)
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
  • fosfomycin (Monurol)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pyelonephritis diagnosis

A
  • UA, Urine culture

- Voiding symptoms, febrile, flank pain and tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pyelonephritis first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • IV Ampicillin + gentamicin
  • PO Ciprofloxacin
  • PO Levofloxacin
  • PO Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acute prostatitis diagnosis

A
  • UA, Urine culture

- Perineal or suprapubic pain; exquisite tenderness on rectal exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acute prostatitis first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • IV Ampicillin + gentamicin
  • PO Ciprofloxacin
  • PO Levofloxacin
  • PO Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acute epididymitis diagnosis

A
  • Fever, voiding symptoms
  • Painful enlargement of epididymis
  • Scrotal ultrasound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Acute epididymitis first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • Sexually transmitted: IM Ceftriaxone + PO Doxycyclin

- Non-Sexually transmitted: PO Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, or Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sexually transmitted infections

A
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Gonorrhea
  • Chlamydia
  • Syphilis
  • Herpes simplex virus
  • Lymphogranuloma venereum
23
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis diagnosis

A
  • Wet mount with motile trichomonads; pH >4.5

- Affirm VP III DNA probe test

24
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • PO Metronidazole or Tinidazole
25
Q

Gonorrhea diagnosis

A
  • NAAT for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gram – diplococci)
26
Q

Gonorrhea first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • IM ceftriaxone
27
Q

Chlamydia diagnosis

A
  • Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for Chlamydia trachomatis (gram – coccoid or rod shape)
28
Q

Chlamydia first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • PO Azithromycin or Doxycycline
29
Q

Syphilis diagnosis

A
  • Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) + confirmatory test such as fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS)
30
Q

Syphilis first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • IM benzathine penicillin G
31
Q

Herpes simplex virus diagnosis

A
  • Viral culture

- PCR for HSV

32
Q

Herpes simplex virus first-line antibiotic choice

A
  • PO Acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir
33
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum diagnosis

A
  • Inguinal lyphademopathy, “groove sign”
34
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum first-choice antibiotics

A
  • PO doxycycline
35
Q

Relevant pathogens in the oral flora of the animal

A
  • Pasteurella spp
  • Capnocytophaga spp
  • Bartonella henselae
  • Anaerobes
36
Q

Preemptive early antimicrobial therapy for 3–5 days is recommended for patients with animal bites who are

A
  • Immunocompromised
  • Asplenic
  • Advanced liver disease
  • Preexisting or resultant edema of the affected area
  • Moderate to severe injuries (especially to the hand or face)
  • Injuries that may have penetrated the periosteum or joint capsule
37
Q

First-line prophylactic antibiotic dose for animal bites

A
  • Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), 875/125 mg every 12 hours x 3-7 days
38
Q

Second line antibiotic doses for animal bites

A
  • Clindamycin, 300 mg 3 times per dayplusciprofloxacin (Cipro), 500 mg twice per day
  • Doxycycline, 100 mg twice per day
  • Penicillin VK, 500 mg 4 times per dayplusdicloxacillin, 500 mg 4 times per day
  • A fluoroquinolone; trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 160/800 mg twice per day; or cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin), 500 mg twice per dayplusmetronidazole (Flagyl), 250 to 500 mg 4 times per day, or clindamycin, 300 mg 3 times per day
39
Q

Prophylaxis for puncture wound through intact shoe

A
  • Cover s. aureus and P. aeruginosa
40
Q

Prophylaxis for puncture wound that wasn’t through shoe

A
  • Cover gram-positive bacteria
41
Q

Clostridium tetani prevention in young children (DTaP)

A
  • 2, 4, and 6 months
  • 15 through 18 months
  • 4 through 6 years
42
Q

Clostridium tetani prevention in preteens (Tdap)

A
  • 11 through 12 years
43
Q

Clostridium tetani prevention in adults (Td or Tdap)

A
  • Every 10 years
44
Q

Infection versus bacteremia

A
  • Infection = invasion of normally sterile tissue by organisms resulting in infectious pathology
  • Bacteremia = presence of viable bacteria in the blood
45
Q

qSOFA (Sepsis related organ failure assessment)

A
  • Altered mental status (Glasgow Coma Score <15)
  • Respiratory rate ≥22
  • Systolic BP ≤100
46
Q

Sepsis

A
  • Life threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection
  • Infection + Organ dysfunction
    (2 or more points in the SOFA score)
47
Q

Septic shock (all 3)

A
  • Clinical criteria for sepsis
  • Requires vasopressors to maintain a mean arterial pressure >65mm Hg
  • Lactate level >18mg/dL
48
Q

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

A
  • Severe end of the severity illness spectrum in sepsis
49
Q

Evaluating multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

A
  • Respiratory – PaO2/FiO2 ratio
  • Hematology – platelet count
  • Liver – serum bilirubin
  • Renal – Serum creatinine (or urine output)
  • Brain – Glasgow coma score
  • Cardiovascular – Hypotension and vasopressor requirement
50
Q

Management principles in sepsis and septic shock (within 45 minutes)

A
  • Airway, correct hypoxemia, IV access, broad spectrum antibiotics (after cultures)
  • Basic Labs including: lactate, ABG, Cultures (blood, sputum, urine, stool, wound, etc)
51
Q

Management principles in sepsis and septic shock (within the first hour)

A
  • IV crystalloid fluids (normal saline or Ringer’s lactate)

- If hypotensive despite fluids: norepinephrine

52
Q

Fever of unknown origin

A
  • Fever higher than 38.3C (100.9F) on several occasions
  • Duration of fever for at least 3 weeks
  • Uncertain diagnosis after 1 week of study in the hospital
53
Q

Fever of unknown origin etiologies

A
  • Infections (eg, abscess, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, syphilis, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever)
  • Malignancy (eg, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, renal cell carcinoma, lymphoma)
  • Systemic rheumatic diseases (eg, Giant cell arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus)
  • Others (eg, drug fever, thyroiditis)

Internal Medicine (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions