7. Hypoglycemia during therapy of diabetes

Question 1

definition of hypoglycemia ?

Answer 1

blood sugar level is less than 3.9mmol/l

Question 2

why does type 1 patient experience hypoglycemia ?

Answer 2

mild hypoglycemia experienced 1-2 times a week
and severe form 1-2 a year

= low carbohydrate intake , heavy physical activity , insulin overdose

Question 3

what causes hypoglycaemia in type 2 ?

Answer 3

sulfonurea or meglitinides treatment

Question 4

what is the therapy for hypoglycemia ?

Answer 4

mild = eat fast absorbable sugar = fructose , fruit juice , cola

severe = 25-100ml of 40 percent glucose solution to atleast 11mmol/l

IV dextrose

if lost consciousness - inject 1mg glucagon intramuscularly or SC

Question 5

what re the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia ?

Answer 5

Increased sympathetic activity: tremor, pallor, anxiety, tachycardia, sweating, and palpitations

Increased parasympathetic activity: hunger, paresthesias, nausea, and vomiting

Neuroglycopenic
Agitation, confusion
somnolence - coma

Question 6

what are the other causes for hypoglycemia ?

Answer 6

hepatic diseases
sepsis
burns
non selective beta bockers

hormone
hypopituitarism
adrenal insufficiency