2. Type 1 diabetes – pathogenesis, clinical manifestation

Question 1

what’s type 1 diabetes ?

Answer 1

absolute deficient of beta cell function due to autoimmune destruction of metal cells

having acute onset

Question 2

what age does type 1 diabetes ?

Answer 2

occurs at younger age = bt can occur at any age

indolent adults stage = latent autoimmune diabetes of adult

Question 3

what is the etiology of type 1 diabetes ?

Answer 3

pathogenesis is not fully understood

though can be induced by rubella and coxackie virus

environmental toxins and eating habits

hla dr3 and hladr4

Association with other autoimmune conditions
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Type A gastritis
Celiac disease

Question 4

how can we diagnose type 1 diabetes ?

Answer 4

two positive antibodies = 75 percent chance of developing diabetes in next 10 years

islet cell antibodies

insulin antibody

GADA65 = glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies

znt8 antibodies

autoantibody of tyrosine phosphatase ia-2

c peptide insulin is decreased or absent unlike in diabetes type 2 where it is initially elevated

Question 5

what are the clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes ?

Answer 5

polydipsia 
polyurea 
weight loss
fatigue 
visual disturbance (in type 2 ) aswell 
pruritus

Signs and symptoms specific to DKA
Rapid onset (< 24 h) in contrast to HHS
Abdominal pain
Fruity odor on the breath (from exhaled acetone)
Hyperventilation: long, deep breaths (Kussmaul respirations)
vomiting

also have celiac diseae