7. Growth of Trade Unions Flashcards
What are the 4 sections for this plan?
- Factory Systems
- Protection for Workers
- Government policies
- External Factors
Factory Systems
What was the previous form of labor before the introduction of factory systems?
The previous form of labor was small-scale production done in the home.
Factory Systems
What was the impact of factory systems on the direct connection between employers and employees?
Factory systems destroyed the direct connection between employers and employees, replaced the hierarchical structure of master, journeyman, and apprentice.
Factory Systems
In what year were 1/2 of the West Country villages involved in industry?
In 1801, 1/2 of the West Country villages were involved in industry.
Factory Systems
What caused a division between workers and masters in factory systems?
The conflicting interests between workers and masters caused a division between them.
Factory Systems
What did workers do to balance the power of masters in factory systems?
Workers had to group together to balance the power of masters.
Factory Systems
Why was it difficult for workers to go on strike during the rise of factory systems?
- Population growth made it difficult for workers to go on strike, as there were more people and less bargaining power.
- By 1851, there were 29 cities with populations over 50,000, and a further 9 with populations over 50,000.
Factory Systems
Who were some wealthy individuals associated with the rise of factory systems?
Richard Crawshay, worth over £200,000, and Arkwright, who died in 1792, worth £500,000
Factory Systems
What were some of the disciplinary measures imposed on workers in factories?
Workers could be fined 2 hours’ wages for being 10 minutes late, and fines of 1 shilling or 1/5 of their daily wages for talking while working. Employers focused on profit and productivity.
Protection for Workers
Why did workers increasingly come into conflict with their employers during industrialisation?
Workers increasingly came into conflict with their employers because the employers were eager to make profits, regardless of the cost to the workers.
Protection for Workers
What method did employers commonly use to counter striking workers?
Employers often hired immigrant workers to replace the striking workers.
Protection for Workers
Who were the immigrant workers commonly hired by employers?
The immigrant workers were often Irish individuals who were desperate for work, as they were unable to find employment in Ireland.
Protection for Workers
How were the immigrant workers treated during strikes?
The immigrant workers were often verbally attacked as ‘knobsticks’ for undermining the strikes. In some cases, they were also physically attacked, such as the saw grinders’ union incident in Sheffield in 1866.
Protection for Workers
How did the growth of population diminish the role of the individual worker?
The growth of population led to a higher demand for jobs, which meant that individuals could be easily fired and replaced. Between 1750 and 1850, the population rose from 6 million to more than 17 million.
Protection for Workers
Why did protesting individually become ineffective for workers?
Protesting individually became ineffective because the demand for jobs grew, making it easy for employers to quickly replace workers. This prompted the start of the trade unionist movement.
