7. Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances

Question 1

**

a cardiac hormone that regulates salt-water balance and blood pressure by promoting renal sodium and water excretion and stimulating vasodilation.
Normal level: 4 pg/mL

Answer 1

Atrial Natuiuretic Peptide (ANP)

Question 2

A hormone secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart ventricles in response to stretching caused by increased ventricular blood volume.
Normal Levels: 26 pg/mL.

Answer 2

B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

Question 3

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in hollow spaces or between tissues of the body.

Answer 3

Effusion

Question 4

Substances that have a natural positive or negative electrical charge when dissolved in water or body fluids.

Answer 4

Electrolyte

Question 5

The fluid that is not contained within the cells.

Answer 5

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Question 6

The force exerted by the blood is confined within blood vessels or heart chambers.

Answer 6

Hydrostatic Pressure

Question 7

The overabundance of Calcium in the bloodstream. > 10 mg/dL

Answer 7

Hypercalcemia

Question 8

The overabundance of Potassium in the bloodstream. > 5.2 mEq/L.

Answer 8

Hyperkalemia

Question 9

The overabundance of Magnesium in the bloodstream. > 2.5 mEq/L.

Answer 9

Hypermagnesemia

Question 10

The overabundance of Sodium in the bloodstream. > 145mEq/L

Answer 10

Hypernatremia

Question 11

The overabundance of Phosphate in the bloodstream. > 4.5 mg/dL.

Answer 11

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 12

The lack of Calcium in the bloodstream. < 8.7 mg/dL.

Answer 12

Hypocalcemia

Question 13

The lack of Potassium in the bloodstream. < 3.5 mEq/L.

Answer 13

Hypokalemia

Question 14

The lack of Magnesium in the bloodstream. < 1.5 mEq/L.

Answer 14

Hypomagnesemia

Question 15

The lack of Sodium in the bloodstream. <135mEq/L.

Answer 15

Hyponatremia

Question 16

The lack of Phosphate in the bloodstream. < 2.5 mg.dL.

Answer 16

Hypophosphatemia

Question 17

Decreased volume of circulating blood in the body

Answer 17

Hypovolemia

Question 18

Fluid found in the spaces around cells.

Answer 18

Interstitial Fluid (ISF)

Question 19

Fluid found inside of the cell.

Answer 19

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Question 20

Type of osmotic pressure induced by the plasma proteins in blood vessels that causes a pull on fluid back into the capillaries.

Answer 20

Oncotic Pressure

Question 21

Concentration of Solutes/kg solution.

Answer 21

Osmolality

Question 22

Number of Osmoles of Soluter per liter of solution.

Answer 22

Osmolarity

Question 23

Pressure caused by solutes in solution.

Answer 23

Osmotic Pressure

Question 24

An outdated term that describes the movement of fluid from the blood into the interstitial space

Answer 24

Third-Spacing

Question 25

Amount of solutes in solution compared with the bloodstream.

Answer 25

Tonicity