7 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Flashcards
Totality of circumstances surrounding an organism or group of organisms
environment
Combination of external physical conditions that
affect and influence the growth, development
and survival of organisms
environment
addresses all physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person and all factors impacting behavior
environmental health
factors affecting environmental health
biological
chemical
social
physical
Assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health
environmental health
top diseases due to environmental exposure
diarrhea
malaria
lower respiratory infections
more vulnerable population groups
children, elderly, women (and men based sa occupation)
healthe ffect of outdoor air pollution
respiratory and ccardiovascular diseases, lung cancer
health effects of unsafe drinking water
diarrhoeal/gastrointestinal illnesses
contaminated recreational water
diarrhoeal/gastrointestinal illnesses
eye, ear, nose, and throat infections
insect vectors health effects
malaria, dengue fever, riccketsial disease
too much UV exposure
skin cancer
melanoma
too little uv expsosure
vit D deficiency, rickets, osteoporosis, osteomalacia
houeshold crowding
infectious diseases (respiratory)
cold and cramp housing
excess mortality
climate change
giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, salmonellosis, heat stroke
hazardous substances
poisoning, burns, dermatitise
lead exposure to children
developmental delays, behavioral problems
asbestos
breathing difficulties, lung cancer, mesothelioma
noise
hearing loss, cardiovascular problems, insomnia, psychophysiological problems
benefits of environmental health
cleaner air quality
cleaner water
reduced hazardous watse
increases access to healthy foods
safe outdoor environment for adults and children
improved population health
improved health equity
used in environmental health to measure the causality of diseases
exposure response paradigm
exposure response paradigm components
hazard, exposure pathway, dose-response, health effects
Alteration of the physical, chemical and biological
properties of the atmospheric air
air pollution
Matter found in the atmosphere that is detrimental to health or the environment other than atmospheric gases
air pollutant
sources of air pollutants
natural, anthropogenic, stationary, mobile
stationary sources of air pollutants
point source, fugitive source, area source
emits over 10 tons of single toxic pollutant or 25 tons of any combination per year
point source
unintentional and
undesirable emission/leakage of gases
fugitive source
concentrated number of smaller toxic source, major contributor to toxics in the environment
area source
categories of air pollutants
criteria air pollutant
hazard air pollutant
air pollutant category that is ubiquitous, omnipresent, and is emitted directly to the atmosphere
criteria air pollutant
air pollutant category where sources are limited;industry specific
hazard air pollutant
colorless gas with sharp odor
sulfur dioxide
sources of sulfur dioxide
burning of fossil fuels, production of paper, cement, and aluminum
colorless and odorless gas
carbon monoxide
sources of carbon monoxide
incomplete combustion of carbon containing materials, volcanoes, forest fires
health effects of sulfur dioxide
respiratory problems and CVDs
health effects of carbon monoxide
fetal deaths, low birth weight, learning ability impairments
reddish brown gas
nitrogen dioxide
nitrogen dioxide sources
fossil fuel burning, motor vehicle exhaust, unvented combustion, motor transport
greenhouse gas that is inert at low temp
nitrogen oxide
nitrogen oxide is destroyed by ___________
photolysis
mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets in the air
particulate matter
types of particulate matter
PM2.5 and PM10
health effects of nitrogen dioxide
irritation of mucus membranes and lung problems
causes bronchial irritation and worsening of bronchial asthma
particulate matter
leads to Pulmonary edema and damage to central nervous system, pulmonary infections
nitrogen oxide
binds irreversibly to hemoglobin
carbon monoxide
long term effects of air pollution on the planet
global warming
ozone depletion
sources of water
surface water, rai water, ground water
what class in public water supply class 1
Class AA
what class is public water supply class II
Class A
what class is recreational water class 1
Class B
what class is recreational watre class II and industrial water supply class 1
Class C
what water class is for fishery water
Class C
what water class is for bathing
class B
what water class is industrial water supply class II and is for agriculture
Class D
health aspects of water pollution
water-washed, water-borne, water-based, water-insect related
unavailabillity of water resorting to usage of
unsafe sources of water
water-washed
