7. Engines/APU Flashcards
Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
Thrust Rating
White – Manually set modes
Magenta – FMS modes and limits
Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
TAT
White – Degrees Cº
Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
EPR
White T – Throttle position
Magenta V – Computed EPR thrust
**Note: When the “T” fits in the “V” the throttle is set to the computed thrust rating
Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
N1
White – Normally white, however, pointer and digits will turn red if N1 exceeds limits
Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
TGT
White – Normally white, however, pointer and digits will turn amber if TGT limits are exceeded for more than 5 minutes – and will turn red if redline limits are exceeded
Cyan Lightning Bolt – indicates ignition is on
Red Start Limit – displayed during ground start
Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
N2
White – Normally white, however, pointer and digits will turn red if N2 exceeds limits
Recall ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
Fuel Flow
White – Digital fuel flow indication
Cyan – FUEL OFF indicates engine fuel valve is closed
Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
Oil Pressure
Green Arc – Displays valid range Digits are normally white but will turn amber or red to display abnormalities
Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
Oil Temperature
Digits are normally white but will turn amber or red to display abnormalities
Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
Oil Quantity
Cyan Indicator– Displays initial quantity for consumption reference
Digits are normally white but will turn amber to display abnormalities
Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
Engine Vibration
Digits are normally white but will turn amber to display abnormalities
Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
APU Information Block
APU parameters appear when APU MASTER Switch is in RUN and remain on during shutdown as long as APU inlet doors are open
Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
% RPM Display
Digits are normally white but will turn red to display abnormalities
Recall SECONDARY ENGINE SD symbology and color-coding
% EGT Display
Digits are normally white but will turn red to display abnormalities
Recall the rated thrust of the BR715 engine
21,000 lbs thrust
Recall the engine starter duty cycle
Three start attempts, with a maximum of 3 minutes duration each
15 seconds is required between start attempts
Allow 15 minutes of starter cooling before further start attempts are made
Recall the requirements for AUTO START
**Note: During an auto-start, the EEC controls all fuel metering and ignition to the respective engine once the ENG START Switch is pulled and the FUEL Switch is elected on. The auto-start includes an automatic 30 second engine motoring delay before fuel is introduced
**Note: Auto-Start also includes a TGT protection threshold and will not allow fuel introduction unless the respective TGT is below 150Cº
IGNITION Switch – AUTO
ENG START Switch—pulled
FUEL Switch – ON
Recall reasons for an Auto Abort during an engine Auto Start
**Note: Auto Starts will automatically terminate and alert the crew for:
Hung Start
Starter malfunction
Hot Start (or impending hot start)
Fuel On condition not satisfied (TGT is above 150ºC)
Loss of valid N2 input
Certain failures of both channels of EEC
Recall all inflight starts are MANUAL starts and not EEC controlled
AUTO ABORT start protections provided by the EEC are not available
during inflight starts – ALL inflight starts are MANUAL starts
Recall the required engine warm up and cool down times
No minimum warm up time required following an engine shutdown of two hours or less
A warm up of at least 3 minutes is recommended following shutdown periods exceeding two hours—HOWEVER–it is not necessary to delay takeoff if no abnormal engine indications exist
Engines require a 3 minute cool down prior to shutdown. Verify ENGINE COOL alert message illuminated on EAD
Recall approximate STD day engine indications after a stabilized start
EPR – 1.0
N1 – 20%
TGT – 400
N2 – 60%
FF – 6-700
Oil Press – 45
Recall the primary FADEC function and its main components
The engines use a Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) to control engine functions from start to shutdown
FADEC has three main components: throttle, throttle module, and Electronic Engine Control (EEC)
Recall when the EEC will provide automatic ignition activation (auto-relight)
**Note: The EEC incorporates an automatic re-light function that is armed from engine start to shutdown
Automatic activation of BOTH ignition systems is activated if the following conditions are detected and maintained until the conditions no longer exist:
Combustor instability
Significant water/ice ingestion
Flameout
**Note: Additionally, a SINGLE ignition system unit will be automatically energized for 60 seconds after either ENG anti-ice switch has been selected on
Recall how to select EMERGENCY thrust
Emergency thrust is available by pushing the thrust levers through a mechanical gate
EPR will still be displayed, however, thrust management will be based on N1
ATS will disconnect automatically and the QRH should be referenced for re-engagement
**Note: Thrust limits achieved at the forward throttle gate should be referred to as MAXIMUM power. EMERGENCY thrust = through the mechanical gate
Recall features and indications of engine reverse thrust
**Note: The reversers will only deploy when the respective engine is running. However, when landing with an engine shut down, the reverser on the inoperative engine is permitted to deploy for 30 seconds after nose wheel compression
- When the reversers are out of the stowed position, the reverser unlock indications (U/L) are displayed on the EAD
- When the reversers are approximately 90% deployed, REV is displayed in green
- Built-in safety features should prevent uncommanded reverser deployment inflight, however, should this occur, the EEC will automatically reduce thrust on the affected engine to idle – and red REV will be displayed
Recall how to select EMERGENCY REVERSE power
Emergency reverse thrust is obtained by pulling the reverse thrust levers through a mechanical gate (and holding them in position)
When selected, engine damage can occur, and a maintenance inspection will be required
**Note: Amber REV alerts will appear on the EAD
Recall function of the ENG EXCEEDANCE RESET Switch
The ENG EXCEEDANCE RESET button, when depressed, resets any exceedance on the EPR, N1, TGT, and N2 primary engine synoptic displays
Recall the APU starter motor duty cycle
The APU starter duty cycle is limited to three consecutive start attempts
Wait 30 minutes prior to further start attempts
Recall the normal and back-up fuel supply for the APU
APU fuel is normally supplied from the right main tank
Using crossfeed, fuel can be supplied from the left tank
When center tank pumps are used to supply fuel to the APU, a right main tank fuel boost pump should also be operating
When center tank fuel value is less than 800 pounds, using center tank pumps can force air into the APU fuel line and cause APU flameout or prevent APU start
Recall that an APU start incorporates an automatic delay
APU starts automatically delay approximately 40 seconds to allow the APU inlet door to open
Recall that APU bleed air is inhibited for two minutes after an APU start
APU bleed air is automatically inhibited until 2 minutes after an APU start is initiated
Recall how the APU shutdown cycle is verified complete
**Note: After turning the APU MASTER switch OFF ensure the APU shutdown cycle is complete by verifying the absence of the APU information block on the SD ENG display. This takes approximately 1 minute after APU RPM begins decreasing
Recall considerations for shutting down the APU both with and without External Power available
**Note: With no external power, the BATT switch and EMER PWR selector must remain ON until APU shutdown is complete
**Note: With external power connected, the EXT power switch or the GROUND SERVICE ELEC PWR switch must remain ON until APU shutdown is complete
Recall the APU continues to run for approximately 17 seconds while a No Power Break Transfer is performed
At normal shutdown, the APU continues to run for approximately 17 seconds while the electrical system performs a No Break Power Transfer (NBPT)
**Note: This delay is bypassed when the flight deck APU FIRE CONT toggle switch is moved to the OFF & AGENT ARM position OR when the exterior ground APU toggle switch is moved to the SHUT OFF position
**Note: It is also bypassed if an APU fire is detected
Recall the automatic shutdown features of the APU for both ground and inflight faults
On the ground when conditions are present that could damage the APU, the APU automatically shuts down and the amber APU AUTO SHUTDOWN alert is displayed
Inflight, the APU only automatically shuts down for an APU OVERSPEED or an APU COMPARTMENT FIRE. If an APU FAULT condition occurs inflight, the APU automatically shuts down 10 minutes after landing, unless shut down sooner by the pilot
