7 - BIOINSTRUMENTATION Flashcards
1
Q
- Also known as biomedical instrumentation
- An engineering concerned with devices and mechanics used to measure, evaluate, and treat biological systems
- Many biomedical instruments use a transducer or sensor to convert a signal created by the body into an electric signal
A
Bioinstrumentation
2
Q
using sensors to measure a signal with data acquisition, storage and display capabilities, and control and feedback
A
Basic Instrumentation System
3
Q
- Sensors are used to convert physical measurands into electric outputs
- These outputs are analog signals, then converted to digital signals
A
Measurand
4
Q
- This is to enable human operators to view the signal in a format that is easy to understand
- Are intended to be observed visually, but some also provide audible output
- Displays can be:
1. Numerical
2. Graphical
3. Discrete
4. Continuous
5. Permanent
6. Temporary
A
Output Display Devices
5
Q
- Signal is stored briefly so further processing can take place or to be can examine the data
- Signals are stored permanently so different signal processing schemes can be applied in the future
A
Data Storage
6
Q
- Signals can be acquired with a device in one location:
1. Patient’s home
2. Another device in different location - To provide quick diagnostic feedback if a patient has an unusual heart rhythm while at home
A
Data Transmission
7
Q
- A signal with known amplitude and frequency content is applied to the instrumentation system at the sensor’s input
- Allows the components of the system to be adjusted so that the output and input have a known, measured relationship.
- Without this information, it is impossible to convert the output of an instrument system into a meaningful representation of the measurand
A
Calibration Signal
8
Q
- Devices collect physiological data and stimulate a response—a heartbeat or breath—when needed or are part of biofeedback systems in which the patient is
- Made aware of a physiological measurement, such as blood pressure, and uses conscious control to change the physiological response.
A
Feedback Element
9
Q
Science or Mathematics for Biomedical Instrumentation
A
- Charge, Current, Voltage, Power and Energy
- Resistance
- Linear Network Analysis
- Linearity and Superposition
- Thevenin’s Theorem
- Inductors
- Capacitor
- and others
10
Q
- A method to perform surgery using very small tools attached to a robotic arm. The surgeon controls the robotic arm with a computer
- It can be performed through smaller cuts than open surgery
- The surgeon can also see the area where the surgery is performed more easily
A
Robotic Surgeries
11
Q
What a Surgical Robot Consists of
A
- Patient’s bed
- Surgical tools in robot arms
- 3D imaging system
- Surgical control unit
12
Q
Attached in robot arms which is programmed to perform movements similar to the human hand but with higher precision
A
Surgical tools in robot arms
13
Q
- Endoscope is installed on one of the arms
- Used during the surgery and broadcasts a modified three-dimensional image to the screen in the control unit
- With high-resolution images of the movement of the surgical instrument
- Filtered to prevent blurring of the background on the images of the surgical instrument and during its movement
- Vision system is programmed to adjust the temperature, to prevent the appearance of fog in case of temperature changes
- The surgeon can adjust the scene to another by means of a pedal at his foot
- The device also contains a battery that enables it to work in the event of a power failure
A
3D imaging system
14
Q
Control all the robot’s arms and watch the procedures with the help of the 3D camera
A
Surgical control unit
15
Q
Advantages of Robotic Surgery
A
- Higher accuracy
- Speedy and productive
- Better visibility and less fatigue
- Remote surgery with 5G technology
- Better patient experience
16
Q
Disadvantages of Robotic Surgery
A
- High cost
- Required technical expertise
- Less haptic feedback
17
Q
- A multi-armed wonderbot, is being used to reduce surgical errors and make surgery less invasive for thousands of patients
- Gives surgeons more precise control for a range of procedures
- This offers enhanced control to surgeons and, since the surgery is less invasive than traditional surgery, a faster healing time for patients
A
Da Vinci Robot
18
Q
- An automated and portable robot, is used to disinfect entire hospital rooms in minutes using pulsed, full-spectrum UV rays that kill a range of infectious bacteria
- Designed to reduce HAIs such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by killing the microorganisms that cause them, which can be particularly resistant to treatment
A
Xenex Germ-Zapping Robot
19
Q
- Interactive device that looks like a baby harbor seal and is designed to provide the benefits of animal therapy without relying on live animals
- Used extensively with elderly patients with dementia, and has been proven to reduce stress and provide comfort to anxious patients
A
PARO Therapeutic Robot
20
Q
- Robotic surgery system that delivers radiation therapy to tumors with sub-millimeter precision.
- Used to treat cancer at hospitals and treatment centers
- Non-invasive and minimizes the exposure of healthy organs and tissues to radiation
A
CyberKnife
21
Q
- An autonomous mobile robot developed by Aethon Inc. to ferry supplies to where they are needed, freeing employees from heavy physical loads and allowing them to focus on patient care.
- They are programmed with the hospital’s floor plan and are also equipped with a variety of sensors to ensure they don’t run into anything on their way to the lab
A
TUG
