7. Asthma and COPD

Question 1

what is def asthma ?

Answer 1

chronic inflammation of airways and broncho spasm

Question 2

What are three phenotypes and briefly describe

Answer 2

1. eosinophillic - inflammation of basement mem, responds to corticosteroids
   neutrophilic -environmental irritants
   exercise-induced bronchospasm - release of histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandins

Question 3

4 symptoms of asthma

Answer 3

1. shortness of breath
2. wheezing
3. coughing
4. tightness in the chest
5. excess sputum production

Question 4

3 types of meds

Answer 4

1. inhaled corticosteriods
2. b2- adrenergic receptors
3. leukotriene receptor antagonist

Question 5

what does EIB cause ?

Answer 5

air-trapping which results in restricted ventilation , limited o2 uptake and reduced exercise capacity

Question 6

4 benefits of exercise ?

Answer 6

decrease in medication
increase in symptoms free days
increase in lung function after exercise
decrease in the intensity of occurance

Question 7

how does b blocker effect exercise testing

Answer 7

blocks adrenergic effect of bronchodilation and therefore may lead to an increased bronchoconstriction

Question 8

3 recco for exercise testing ?

Answer 8

short work intervals < 2 min stages
lung function, spirometry must be taken before and after (15-20 min) test
durations (8-12 min following warm up)

Question 9

what activitis should be avoided w asthma ?

Answer 9

swimming and ice related acts

Question 10

what activitis should be avoided w asthma ?

Answer 10

swimming and ice related acts

Question 11

what are the pathophysiological problems of copd (3)

Answer 11

1. ventilatory impairments
2. CV and muscoskeletal impairaments
3. abnormalities of gas exchange

Question 12

biomechanical factors of copd (3)

Answer 12

1. outflow obstruction = work of breathing increases
2. hyperinflation places inspiratory muscles at disadvantage
3. increased dead space

Question 13

4 signs and symp of copd

Answer 13

1. rapid HR
2. wheezing
3. shortness of breath
4. vision problems
5. constant lung infections

Question 14

5 effect on ex response

Answer 14

1. hypoxia = eyrthocytosi
2. hyperinflammation from airtrapping and incomplete lung emptying
3. exercise capacity limited due to cv factors such as deconditioing
4. peripheral muscle deconditioning = lactic acid buildup at low rates
5. impairment of gas exchange

Question 15

goals of exercise (3)

Answer 15

1. increase breathing efficiency
2. increase body mechanics
3. slowing of respiratory rate

Question 16

4 special considerations

Answer 16

1. rpe and dyspenea scales preferred
2. respond better in mid morning
3. avoid extremes in temp and humidity
4. CAD, PAD and muscoskeltal problems are common