7 - Adaptive agents

Question 1

What is subsistence?

Answer 1

When an agent or organism maintains or supports oneself often minimally

Question 2

What interactions are the focus of subsistence?

Answer 2

• patch-agent interaction
• patch-agent-agent interactions

Question 3

What is resilience?

Answer 3

• capacity of a system to recover from hardship and external fluctuations

Question 4

What is a resilient model?

Answer 4

A model that is able to return to its original state after hardship and external fluctuation

Question 5

What are the 2 types of variability in resilient systems? **

Answer 5

• Spatial variability (Clustering of resources or other ‘external factors’ that differ across the
  environment)
• Temporal variability (Environmental changes that fluctuate over time)

Question 6

What are the 2 foraging algorithms?

Answer 6

• Optimal foraging theory
• Marginal value theorem

Question 7

What is the optimal foraging theory?

Answer 7

• resource acquisition behaviour that maximize net benefit (after accounting for costs)

Question 8

What is the marginal value theorem?

Answer 8

Point of departure where a current location drops below the average return rate of the environment

Question 9

What are the different kinds of population dynamics?

Answer 9

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Question 10

What are the different behaviors of agents in the Crema Fission Fusion Model?

Answer 10

• solo (find an empty patch and forage on their own)
• fusion (find another group and join them)
• merge (find a nearby agent and set out on an empty patch together

Question 11

Give an example where you can apply social and tragedy of the commons in a model

Answer 11

Can be used as a model of how agents interact and negotiate the use of common resources

Question 12

True or False: Optimizing self-interest can strengthen a system

Answer 12

False (Self-interest drives a system to collapse because it no longer benefits anyone)

Question 13

What is the prisoner’s dilemma?

Answer 13

It is a game theory that mathematically models the interactions between agents trying to optimize individual utility while outwitting their component

Question 14

What are the 2 different types of models?

Answer 14

• Emulation-driven models
• Exploration driven models

Question 15

What is a emulation-driven model?

Answer 15

Data-driven model with a high degree of realism and validated against datasets . Meticulously derive parameters from data